Zhou Tongyu微語法系列—12?“衍生連詞”探源

相較于動詞在語法中的強大人氣，連詞在語法中簡直是“凄凄慘慘戚戚”。連詞是英語虛詞之一，不充當句子成分，但對句子結構的影響還是杠杠的。尤其在考試中，對連詞的有效掌握，更能助力解題，可以說是威力無窮，輻射全卷。連詞可以分為兩類：一是普通連詞，比如and，but等；另一類則可以稱為“衍生連詞”，即由其他詞衍生轉變而來。“衍生連詞”一旦在高考中出現，就很容易成為Pitfall，考生容易一腳踩空，丟分了還不知道，以為自己答得很對。

“衍生連詞”主要衍生源有如下四種：

第一，動詞（分詞）為衍生源，常見的有suppose/supposing（假設），provided/providing（如果，只要），considering（考慮到），given（考慮到），seeing（鑒于，既然）等，這些詞后有時帶有that，有時也可以沒有，其中given在這幾個連詞中，用作連詞的頻率不如其作介詞的使用頻率高。下面舉例來揣摩一下這幾個“衍生連詞”的出題感覺。

1. that he is ill，who will take his place？

A. Suppose B. Supposed

C. To suppose D. Supposes

此題答案選A，suppose在此處為連詞。有些人也會把其當成祈使句，但此處我們也可以用supposing替換，那祈使句之說就只能免了。

2. Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events， those events do not interfere with their studies.

A. lest B. unless C. though D. provided

此題答案選D，四個詞都可以作連詞，但只有D項意思吻合，可譯作“只要”。

3.—I will buy a laptop that the price is brought down to under two thousand yuan.

—Are you kidding？ It’ s impossible.

A. if B. providing C. unless D. although

上題答案選B，為providing的連詞用法，但providing在這個句子中卻是作非謂語動詞：Chinadaily.com.cn is the largest English portal site in China， providing news，business information and learning materials。考試中要將兩者區分開，還是很簡單的，如果providing后跟的是句子且本身不充當句子主干成分，那么它就是連詞。

第二，副詞為衍生源，常見的有immediately， constantly，directly 這三個副詞，表示“一……就……”，相當于as soon as。例如：

4. All the people staying in the building rushed out ____ they heard the fire alarm.

A. hurriedly B. at once

C. as quickly as D. immediately

此題中they heard the fire alarm是一個句子，需用連詞引導，放眼四個選項，AB不是連詞，C項意思不對，不是盡快地聽，而是盡快地跑，只有D項語法和意思皆吻合。

第三，名詞為衍生源，常見的有the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，the first time，each time/ every time等名詞短語用作連詞，也表示“一……就……”，其中time可以用其他詞適當搭配，比如the first time是連詞，那么the last time同樣也可以是連詞，解題中需要留意。下面看例題：

5. Each time they met， they would talk long hours together.

A. which B. during C. when D. /

此題B項為介詞，其后不能跟句子，率先排除，A項不指作狀語的時間，也容易排除，但有些考生容易誤選C項以致畫蛇添足，答案為D，因為each time已經是連詞，不需要再用when了。

第四，固定詞組為衍生源，常見的有in case，on condition that，in that，now that，for fear（that）等。例如：

6. Country life is better than city life it offers fresh air and noiseless environment.

A. in that B. as that C. as for D. in which

此題率先排除不能跟句子的介詞短語項C項，B項一般認為不存在這個短語，D項代入后表達的意思不對，A項是固定短語，意思為“在于”，可別認為in后面可以用that。

“衍生連詞”近幾年已成為連詞考查的重點，現在你的腦海中有清晰的四類衍生源，相信記起來不會再亂成一團了。好多時候，腦海中亂糟糟的一堆語法知識點，如果缺乏思路，就會記得支離破碎。因此，在平時的語法學習中，要注意形成清晰的脈絡，這才是最重要的。

配套練習

1. I’ ll lend you the book you return it on Monday.

A. supposing that B. providing that

C. considering that D. on condition that

2. The two areas are similar they both have a high rainfall during this season.

A. besides that B. in that

C. except that D. so that

3. I will telephone you I get home.

A. soon B. immediately C. presently D. shortly

4. He was willing to speak to the reporter he was not identified.

A. on condition that B. in case

C. suppose that D. for fear that

5. He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake he went to Hangzhou.

A. at the first time B. the first time

C. for the first time D. at the first time when

6. we met，he was working as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant.

A. Last time B. The last time

C. For the last time D. In last time

7. environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.

A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once

8. — Remember to give my letter to Lucy.

— Ok. I will give it to her I see here.

A. suddenly B. if only

C. the moment D. while

9. that it seems as if it will rain soon，we had better leave now.

A. Seeing B. Seem C. While D. Once

10. you don’ t like a person，everything hear she does is wrong.

A. While B. Unless C. Because D. On

11. — Did you re-member to give Mary the money you owed her？

—Yes，I give it to her I save her.

A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once

12. Uncle Tom came，he would bring us some gifts.

A. For the first time B. Every time that

C. Every time D. The first time that

參考答案：1—12 DBBAB BDCAD BC