院士風采

王承書

1912.06.26 ～1994.06.18

物理學家。女。原籍湖北武昌，生于上海。1934年畢業于燕京大學。1944年獲美國密執安州立大學物理學博士學位。中國核工業總公司研究員。主要從事受控聚變反應、等離子體物理、同位素分離等方面的研究。在中國開創了受控熱核聚變反應和等離子體物理等領域的研究并為其發展打下來堅實基礎。開拓并領導了中國鈾同位素分離的研究，在有關理論及實際應用方面做出重要成果。在擔任總設計師的中國第一臺大型濃縮鈾擴散機的設計制造過程中，既負責全面領導，又親自參加參數選擇等工作，并獲得良好成功。在領導氣體離心法與激光分離鈾同位素的研究方面進行了卓有成效的工作。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist.Female.Born in Shanghai.Graduated from Yenching University in 1934.Received Ph.D.in physics from Michigan State University.USA in 1944.Research professor.China National Nuclear Corporation.

Wang was mainly engaged in the research on controlled fusion reactions, plasma physics and isotope separation.She was the first in China to carry out studies in controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma pjhysics and laid a solid foundation for the development of related investigations.She established and guided the uranium isotope separation studies in China and made important achievements in theoretical investigation and practical application.During her term as the chief designer of China’s first large-scaled enriched uranium diffuser, she was responsible for the overall organization and personally took part in the concrete work such as parameter selection, obtaining excellent successes.She also conducted fruitful work in guiding the studies on the gas centrifugal method and laser separation techniques for uranium isotope separation.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

王綬琯

1923.01.15 ～

天文學家。福建福州人。1943年畢業于馬尾海軍學校。1945年赴英國留學。1950年改攻天文并被聘入倫敦大學天文臺進行研究工作。中國科學院北京天文臺研究員、臺長、名譽臺長，中國天文學會名譽理事長。開創了中國的射電天文學觀測研究領域并進行了卓有成效的推進，且是中國現代天體物理學的主要奠基者之一。在主持提高中國時號精確度、開拓并推動天體測量學發展、負責北京天文臺及其射電天文研究的創建于發展等方面做出了重要貢獻。負責成功地研制出多種重要的射電天文設備并取得多項創見性研究成果。在領導和管理中國天文工作中發揮了主導作用。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Astronomer.Born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province.Graduated from Mawei Naval Academy in 1943.Went to UK to study in 1945 majoring in astronomy and was employed by the London University of Observatory to do research in 1950.Research professor,director and honorary director, Beijing Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences, and honorary president, Chinese Astronomical Society.

Wang not only opened the field of Chinese radio astronomical observation and research and promoted it fruitfully, but also was one of the main founders of Chinese modern astrophysics.He managed to improve the accuracy of time signal and promoted the development of astrometry in China.He was responsible for the establishment and development of Beijing Astronomical Observatory and the research on radio astronomy and made important contributions.He was also responsible for the establishment of various kinds of important radio astronomical devices and obtained a number of original results.He played a versatile leading role in directing and managing Chinese astronomical work.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

鄧稼先

1924.06.25 ～1986.07.29

物理學家。安徽懷寧人。1945年畢業于西南聯合大學。1950年獲美國普渡大學物理學博士學位。核工業部第九研究設計院研究員、院長、核工業部科技委員會副主任、國防科工委科技委員會副主任。1958年以來組織領導開展了爆轟物理、流體力學、狀態方程、中子輸運等基礎理論研究，對原子彈的物理過程進行了大量模擬計算和分析，從而邁開了中國獨立研究設計核武器的第一步。領導完成了中國第一顆原子彈的理論方案并參與指導核試驗前的爆轟模擬實驗。組織領導了氫彈設計原理、選定技術途徑的研究，組織領導并親自參與了1967年中國第一顆氫彈的研制與試驗工作。70年代初以來，在組織領導與規劃中國新的核武器工作方面付出了艱辛的勞動。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist.Born in Huaining, Anhui Province.Graduated from Southwest Associated University in 1945.Received Ph.D.in physics from Purdue University, USA in 1950.Research professor and president, the 9th Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and vice chairman, Committee of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and Committee of Science and Technology of the State Commission of Science.Technology and Industry for National Defense.

Deng had organized and led the research programs of essential theories of detonic physics, fluid mechanics, state equations and neutron transport since 1958 and carried out enormous simulation computations and analyses about the physics process of the atomic bomb, making the first step of China’s indigenous study and design of nuclear weapons.The theoretical concepts for China’s first atomic bomb were worked out under his guidance.He also jointly directed the detonation simulation experiments prior to the nuclear explosion test.He was in charge of the research on the designing principles and technical approaches and organized,directed and participated in the development of China’s first hydrogen bomb which was successfully exploded in 1967 and the test work.Since the early 1970s, he had put in a lot of hard work in organizing, directing and formulating the progress of Chinese nuclear weapons.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

葉叔華

1927.06.21 ～

天文學家。女。原籍廣東順德，生于廣州。1949年畢業于廣州中山大學。中國科學院上海天文臺研究員、臺長。主要從事綜合世界時的精確測定和地球自轉等方面的觀測研究。50年代至70年代建立并發展了中國的綜合世界時工作，在各天文單位的合作下，使中國的綜合世界時系統精度從1963年起進入并一直保持國際先進水平。1978年以來在組織中國各天文臺參加國際地球自轉聯測并推進有關新技術在中國的建立、負責中國甚長基線射電干涉網的建設、負責并在“現代地殼運動和地球動力學研究”重大關鍵項目研究等方面取得了重要成就。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Astronomer.Female.Born in Guangzhou.Graduated from Zhongshan University in 1949.Research professor and director,Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, International Astronomical Union ( 1988-1994 ) , and vice president, Chinese Association for Science and Technology.

Ye is mainly engaged in the precise determination of synthesized universal time and the observation and study of the earth rotation.From the 1950s to 1970s, she established and developed the research work of Chinese synthesized universal time.With the collaboration of astronomical units, the accuracy of Chinese synthesized universal time system has reached the international advanced level since 1963.Since 1978, she has made important achievements in organizing Chinese astronomical observatories to join the international united observations of the earth rotation and promoting the establishment of related new technologies in China.She is in charge of the construction of Chinese very long baseline interferometer network, and recently,the major key project of “ the research of modern crust motion and geodynamics ”.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.