院士風采

茅以升1896.01.09～1989.11.12

橋梁工程專家、教育家。江蘇鎮(zhèn)江人。1916年畢業(yè)于唐山工業(yè)專門學校。1917年獲美國康奈爾大學碩士學位。1919年獲卡內(nèi)基理工學院博士學位。鐵道科學院研究院研究員。30年代打破外國人的壟斷，在自然條件比較復雜的錢塘江上主持設計、組織修建了一座基礎深達47.8米的雙層公路鐵路兩用橋，獲得了重大成就。錢塘江橋的建成，成為中國橋梁史上的一個里程碑。在工程教育中，始創(chuàng)啟發(fā)式教育方法，致力教育改革，培養(yǎng)了一批杰出的橋梁工程專門人才。主持鐵道部科學研究院三十余年，為鐵道科學技術進步做出了卓越的貢獻。他是我國土力學的開拓者，也是杰出的科普工作者。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Bridge engineering expert and educationalist. Born in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province. Graduated form Tangshan Technical Institute,Jiaotong University in 1916. Received MS from Cornell University,USA in 1917 and Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University in 1920.Research professor, China Academy of Railways Sciences.

In the 1930s,Mao broke foreign monopoly and took charge of designing and organizing the construction of Qiantang Bridge, a double-deck railroad combine bridge with the foundation of 47.8 meter deep under complex natural conditions. The bridge was a significant achievement and became a milestone in China’s bridge history. He initiated elicitation method in education, devoted himself to education reform and trained many outstanding talents for bridge engineering.He was in charge of the China Academy of Railways Sciences for more than 30 years and made remarkable contributions to the development of railway science and technology. He was a pioneer in soil mechanics and an outstanding popular scientific worker.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

周 仁1892.08.05～1973.12.03

冶金學家和陶瓷學家。江蘇江寧人。1910年畢業(yè)于江南高等學校。1915年獲美國康奈爾大學碩士學位。中國科學院上海冶金研究所所長、研究員。中國電爐煉鋼的創(chuàng)始人之一。1929年，在他領導下，建立了三相電弧爐，練出不銹鋼、錳鋼、高速鋼等。抗戰(zhàn)期間，負責在昆明創(chuàng)辦了中國電力制鋼廠，任總經(jīng)理兼總工程師，生產(chǎn)出自流井提鹽鹵用的鋼絲繩及其它合金鋼。50年代初，率先研究成功并推廣應用球墨鑄鐵。后又在研究所內(nèi)建立了實驗小高爐，對包頭含氟稀土鐵礦和攀枝花釩鈦磁鐵礦的冶煉與開發(fā)利用，進行了探索研究，為兩個礦高爐冶煉工藝的確定提供了可靠的實驗依據(jù)和精辟的理論分析。他積極倡導開展國瓷研究，撰寫了多篇論文。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Metallurgist and ceramist. Born in Jiangning, Jiangsu Province.Graduated from Jiangnan Institute of Education in 1910. Received MS from Conell University, USA in 1915. Director and research professor,Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

As one of the pioneers in electric furnace steel making, Zhou built the first three-phase arc furnace in Chin in 1929 and produced different grades of stainless manganese and high-speed steels in this furnace. During the Anti-Japanese War, he founded the Chinese Electric Steel-Making Works at Kunming and served as the general manager and chief engineer of this firm. The chief task achieved by his firm was the fabrication of high-strength steel strands of heavyduty cables used for lifting brine buckets in Ziliujing, the principal salt supplier in the Southwestern China. In the early 1950s, he endeavored in manufacturing modular irons and extending their application in machinery. In the late 1950s, he established the prototype blastfurnace in Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy in order to study in delails the smelting processes for the rare-earth and fluoride containing Baotou iron ore and the V-Ti rich Panzhihua magnetite ore. His results laid a sound scientific foundation for the optimization of iron smelting processes for Baotou and Panzhihua ores. As a forerunner in ceramics,he showed great enthusiasm over ancient Chinese porcelain and zealously advocated the study of some lost glazing technology in ancient pottery.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

孟昭英1906.12.24～1995.02.25

電子學、物理學家。河北樂亭人。1928年畢業(yè)于燕京大學。1936年獲美國加利福尼亞理工學院哲學博士學位。清華大學現(xiàn)代應用物理系教授。1943年～1944年人美國加州理工學院教授。1944年～1946年任美國麻省理工學院雷達研究所（Radiation Lab.）研究員。著有《陰極電子學》一書，以及Linear Plate Modulation of Triodes 和Oxygen Microwave Absorption Spectrum 等論文。此外還翻譯過不少蘇聯(lián)教材。曾在美國取得一項精確測量波導中阻抗的專利。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Specialist in electronics and physics. Born in Leting. Hebei Province. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1928. Received Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology, USA in 1936. Professor,Department of Modern Applied Physics, Tsinghua University.

Meng was a visiting professor in the California Institute of Technology, USA from 1943 to 1944 and research professor in the Radiation Laboratory, MIT from 1944 to 1946. He is the author of the monograph of “Cathode Electronics of Triorles” and several articles, such as “Linear Plate Modulation” and “Oxygen Microwave Absorption Spectrum”. Additionally, he translated a lot of teaching materials from Russian. He holds a patent of precision measurement of impedance in waveguides in the USA.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

周志宏1897.12.28～1991.02.13

冶金、金屬材料專家。江蘇丹徒人。1923年畢業(yè)于北洋大學。1924年赴美國學習，先后獲卡內(nèi)基工學院碩士學位和哈佛大學博士學位。上海交通大學教授、顧問。長期從事物理冶金和鋼鐵冶煉研究。1930年，研究成功了中國最早的大型鑄鍛件，完成了錢塘江大橋的橋梁橋座的鑄造和加工任務。研制坩堝煉鋼，冶煉出中國第一批高質(zhì)量的鋒鋼、沖模鋼、磁鋼、不銹鋼，還自行設計電爐、試制出純鎢鎢鐵、矽鐵等金屬材料，是我國工具鋼、高速鋼和不銹鋼的首創(chuàng)者。1949年后，研制了少含、不含鎳和鉻的滾珠軸承鋼。1960年，首先提出了氧氣頂吹轉爐煉鋼法，并在工廠生產(chǎn)中得到應用。1978年又提出了頂?shù)纂p吹氧轉爐煉鋼法。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Metallurgist and metal materials expert. Born in Dantu, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Beijing University in 1923. Went to USA in 1924 for further study and received MS from Carnegie Institute of Technology and Ph.D. from Harvard University. Professor and advisor,Shanghai Jiaotong University.

Zhou devoted himself for a long time to the research on physical metallurgy and iron and steel smelting. In 1930, he sought and completed for the first time in China the large cast and forge pieces and accomplished the task for casting and processing the seat and abutment of Qiantang River Bridge. He was the first among the Chinese pioneers to manufacture tool steel, high speed steel and stainless steel.He developed and fabricated the crucible-smelting steel, produced smeltingly the first patch of Chinese high quality rapid steel, die steel,magnetic steel and stainless steel, and designed by himself the electric furnace to produce metal materials such as pure iron tungstate and silicon iron. After 1949, he developed and fabricated the ball bearings steel containing less or no nickel and chromium. In 1960, he first proposed the oxygen top-blow converter steel smelting process which was employed in the production in factories. He proposed the oxygen top-bottom double blow converter process in 1978.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.