摘 要:中國“四大名鎮”之一的漢正街經歷輝煌后,于近10年開始出現疲態,原本人居環境十分健康,充滿濃郁的生活氣息公共空間,因為各種其他功能的侵占擠壓,破壞了其有機生長環境,致使其變成失衡的系統,進而影響居民的日常生活。本文利用圖-底理論分析了漢正街寶慶街區公共空間現狀及存在的問題,并提出解決問題的建議,以期為我國舊城更新中的公共空間疏理提供參考。
關鍵詞:舊城更新;寶慶街區;圖-底理論;公共空間;疏理手法
Abstract:Hanzhengjie, which is one of the Four Famous Towns in China and with a brilliant history, showed weakness in the past ten years. Its original public space, which was healthy for living and full of life, descended to be an unbalanced system, due to the occupation and squeeze of other various functions, as well as the destruction on its organic growth environment. Moreover, it produced adverse affect on the daily life of residents. Based on the figure-ground theory, this paper analyzed the present status and problems of public space in Baoqing Block, Hanzhengjie, and put forward feasible solutions, in order to provide a reference for the public space reorganization in China’s urban renewal.
Keywords:urban renewal;Baoqing block;the theory of the figure of the earth;public space;chnique makes
中圖分類號:TU-856
文獻標識碼:B
文章編號:1008-0422(2012)04-0056-02

1 研究背景
明朝中葉,漢水改道由現今河道入江,入江口兩岸地區(漢口)由于水道之便,加之附近地區的社會經濟發展很快,長江、漢水流域各地之間商業往來的日益頻繁,加速了漢口地區的經濟發展。尤其是漢水北岸由于地勢較高,不易受水患的侵擾,逐漸成為漢口商業市場的重心。明嘉靖年間,漢口被設為鎮,面積和商品交換規模都有所擴大,依漢水而下,沿街建起了居仁、由義、循禮、大智四坊。清康熙年間,清政府將漢口巡檢司由漢水南岸移至北岸的坊街,四坊連成的街道就成為了漢口鎮的正街(也叫官街),漢正街由此而來。
清代《漢口叢談》中記載:“漢口自明依賴,久為巨鎮,坊巷街衢,紛歧莫繪。”指出漢正街內部公共系統縱橫交錯,難以言表。而寶慶街區是漢正街現存老城區中公共空間特征最強烈的區域,是清末湖南寶慶商人及其后人,在超過三百年的遷居過程中,形成了看似復雜而凌亂的有機生長的公共系統。……