熱線答疑

張滿勝，英國劍橋大學英語碩士，新東方學校“新思維語法”培訓創始人，著有《英語語法新思維》系列圖書，對英語語法有深入的研究，突破傳統語法教學，提出了“語法即思維”的全新語法理念，揭開了英語思維的深層秘密。他對中國學生英語學習的癥結和困惑有深刻的了解，力爭改變中國學生“學習多年英語，最終還是不會說、不會寫、聽不懂”的尷尬局面。歡迎大家來信咨詢與英語學習相關的問題，請在信封右下角或郵件主題欄注明“熱線答疑”。

張老師，您好，我有道單選題想請教您。我知道這道題選A，為強調句。但是若選B，把這句話當成定語從句為什么不對？答案說選B在邏輯上不正確，為什么？謝謝！

#8195;A: Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

#8195;#8195;B: Of course， I have. It was in our village _________ it was made.

#8195;#8195;A. thatB. where

#8195;#8195;C. whenD. which

正如你說的，這題應該寫成一個強調句：“It was in our village that it was made.”如果要用where引導定語從句說成“It was in our village where it was made.”則不妥，原因在于it指代不明。

在強調句中，第一個it是強調句型“it was ... that ...”中的固有結構；第二個it指代的是上文提到的the film。

在第二個句子中，第二個it指代上文提到的the film，但第一個it指代不明。如果它也指代the film，那用the film替換后就會變成：The film was in our village where the film was made. 這就造成語義不通。所以，it不能指代the film，也沒有別的特殊用法和指代對象。因此，把這句話當成定語從句是錯誤的。

張老師，您好。有道題想請教一下。

The factory produced many famous cars， none of ___ shipped to foreign countries.

#8195;#8195;A. them B. which

#8195;#8195;C. it D. what

#8195;#8195;這道題正確答案是A，為什么不選B呢？選A的話不是缺少了連詞嗎？

要想正確解答這道題，關鍵是要弄明白shipped在這里不是謂語，而是非謂語，是一個過去分詞，表示被動含義。如果認識不到這一點，就會誤以為此題需要選which這個關系代詞來引導定語從句。

如果要選B，則需要在shipped前面添加was，寫成：“The factory produced many famous cars， none of which was shipped to foreign countries. ”此時由于was shipped是一個獨立的謂語，且前文已經有了謂語produced，所以需要使用關系詞which，以便區分主句與從句。但是，如果把which換成them說成“The factory produced many famous cars， none of them was shipped to foreign countries.”則會造成逗號分隔了兩個完整句子的錯誤。我們可以采用多種方法來修改這樣的錯誤。最簡單的就是把逗號改為分號：

#8195;#8195;The factory produced many famous cars; none of them was shipped to foreign countries.

#8195;#8195;還可以添加連詞，將兩個句子連成一個句子：

#8195;#8195;The factory produced many famous cars， but none of them was shipped to foreign countries.

#8195;#8195;或者去掉was，改成獨立分詞結構：

#8195;#8195;The factory produced many famous cars， none of them shipped to foreign countries.

這就解釋了此題為什么A項正確。這道題里的none of them shipped to foreign countries是一個獨立分詞結構，補充說明前面的主句。