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奪金有我:自然界中的奧運(yùn)冠軍

2012-04-29 00:00:00TaziPhillips宋怡秋
新東方英語(yǔ)·中學(xué)版 2012年11期

大自然中有著無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的奧妙,很多生活在大自然中的動(dòng)植物也都有著特殊的本領(lǐng),而且它們的某些本領(lǐng)簡(jiǎn)直令人嘆為觀止,連奧運(yùn)冠軍都自嘆不如呢!

At the 2012 London Olympics, the world saw some of the best athletes in the world win awards for their amazing feats1). But humans aren't always the best athletes. Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt might be known as the fastest man, but he still can't outrun a cheetah2)! Read on for the International Union for Conservation of Nature's list of the gold medalists in the natural world.

在2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,全世界的人們見(jiàn)識(shí)了多位世界一流的運(yùn)動(dòng)員憑借他們驚人的本領(lǐng)贏得了眾多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。不過(guò)人類(lèi)在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面并不總是獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。牙買(mǎi)加短跑選手尤塞恩·博爾特或許被認(rèn)為是“跑得最快的人”,但他的奔跑速度仍比不上獵豹!下面是國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟列出的一些自然界中的金牌得主名單,讀讀看吧!

Froghopper 沫蟬

Event: High Jump 參賽項(xiàng)目:跳高

This insect, which is common throughout Britain, has developed an extraordinary jump that allows it to leap out of the way of predators3) or animals grazing4) on the plants they call home. The force a froghopper exerts5) at take—off is 400 times their body weight and the highest jumpers can reach 700 mm—115 times their body length—which is like a human jumping 200 m!

這種昆蟲(chóng)在英國(guó)各地都很常見(jiàn),它們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)具有非比尋常的跳躍能力,這讓它們能夠迅速?gòu)牟妒痴呋蛞运鼈儣拥闹参餅槭车膭?dòng)物身邊跳開(kāi)。沫蟬起跳時(shí)所爆發(fā)出的力量是它自身重量的400倍,最高可躍起70厘米,是其自身體長(zhǎng)的115倍,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)人跳到200米的高度!

Peregrine 游隼

Event: Diving 參賽項(xiàng)目:跳水

One of the fastest species in the world, the peregrine can reach up to 200 mph (320 km/h) when diving through the sky in hot pursuit of its prey6). The fastest ever dive recorded was 242 mph (390 km/h). The species is found across the globe except in Antarctica.

游隼是世界上速度最快的物種之一。游隼在對(duì)獵物的激烈追逐中,從空中向下俯沖的速度可高達(dá)200英里/小時(shí)(320公里/小時(shí))。其有記錄可查的最快俯沖速度更是達(dá)到了242英里/小時(shí)(390公里/小時(shí))。除了南極洲,這一物種在全球各地都有分布。

Arctic Tern 北極燕鷗

Event: Marathon 參賽項(xiàng)目:馬拉松長(zhǎng)跑

This bird migrates from the high Arctic where it breeds7) in summer to its Antarctic wintering grounds each year—with some individuals flying more than 80,000 km annually! During their lives, Arctic Terns, which can live for more than 30 years, travel a distance that is equivalent8) to approximately three return journeys to the moon and back.

這種鳥(niǎo)每年都要從它們位于北極高緯度地區(qū)的夏季繁育地遷徙到它們?cè)谀蠘O的越冬地,其間一些北極燕鷗每年要飛行8萬(wàn)多公里!北極燕鷗可以活30多年,它們一生中飛過(guò)的距離加起來(lái)大約相當(dāng)于從地球到月球往返3次。

Himalayan Balsam 喜馬拉雅鳳仙花

Event: Shooting 參賽項(xiàng)目:射擊

The ripe fruits of the Himalayan balsam open explosively with a popping sound, \"shooting\" the seeds to some distance. A prolific9) seed producer, each plant produces about 2500 seeds and its dispersal10) technique helps the plant colonize new areas. Native to the Himalayas, but naturalized11) in Europe and elsewhere, it tends to become an invasive12) species and outcompete13) other plants.

喜馬拉雅鳳仙花的果實(shí)成熟后,會(huì)“啪”的一聲爆裂開(kāi),將種子“噴射”到遠(yuǎn)處。作為一種繁殖能力很強(qiáng)的植物,每株鳳仙花大約可結(jié)出2500顆種子,而它們傳播種子的技能更使其能夠不斷占領(lǐng)新的領(lǐng)地。喜馬拉雅鳳仙花原產(chǎn)于喜馬拉雅山脈,但在被引入到歐洲和其他一些地區(qū)之后,大有成為入侵物種排擠其他植物的趨勢(shì)。

Lammergeier 胡兀鷲

Event: Shot Put14) 參賽項(xiàng)目:鉛球

The lammergeier, also known as a bearded vulture, is a bird of prey and one of the largest of the Old World15) vultures. This bird wins the prize for shot put because it drops large bones from great heights in order to shatter16) them and eat the nutritious marrow17) inside. This species can be found in ranges from southern Europe through the Middle East to northeastern China, and also occurs in parts of north, east and southern Africa.

胡兀鷲,又叫胡禿鷲,是一種食肉猛禽,也是東半球體型最大的兀鷲之一。它之所以能在鉛球項(xiàng)目中贏得金牌,是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)把大塊的骨頭從高處拋下摔碎,以吸食骨頭中營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的骨髓。這一物種分布在從南歐、中東一直到中國(guó)東北的山脈地區(qū),此外,還出現(xiàn)在非洲北部、東部和南部的部分地區(qū)。

Cheetah 獵豹

Event: Sprinting 參賽項(xiàng)目:短跑

The cheetah is the fastest land mammal in the world and can reach speeds of up to 70 mph (113 km/h) in short sprints. In comparison, Usain Bolt, the fastest human sprinter, can reach a speed of 27.7 mph (44.6 km/h). This species is found across Africa.

獵豹是世界上奔跑速度最快的陸生哺乳動(dòng)物,短程全速奔跑時(shí)的最高速度可以達(dá)到70英里/小時(shí)(113公里/小時(shí))。與之相比,人類(lèi)短跑速度最快的尤塞恩·博爾特只能跑到27.7英里/小時(shí)(44.6公里/小時(shí))。獵豹在非洲各地均有分布。

Galapagos Marine Iguana 加拉帕戈斯海鬣蜥

Event: Triathlon18) 參賽項(xiàng)目:鐵人三項(xiàng)

You won't see this species riding a bike, but the Galapagos marine iguana is the only lizard in the world that you will see running on land and swimming beneath the ocean waves. In pursuit of marine algae19) to eat, large males are capable of swimming to depths of 20 m and staying underwater for 30 minutes. After feeding in the cold seawater, marine iguanas sunbath on land to warm up again.

加拉帕戈斯海鬣蜥雖然不會(huì)騎自行車(chē),但它們卻是世界上唯一一種既能在陸地上奔跑,又能在海中暢游的蜥蜴。為了吃到海藻,體型龐大的雄性海鬣蜥能夠潛到海下20米深處,并能在水下停留30分鐘。在寒冷的海水中進(jìn)食之后,海鬣蜥會(huì)回到陸地上曬太陽(yáng),讓身體恢復(fù)溫暖。

Rhinoceros Beetle 獨(dú)角仙

Event: Weightlifting 參賽項(xiàng)目:舉重

This beetle is able to carry loads of more than 30 times its body mass20) and is among the strongest animals on earth. In comparison, the heaviest individual weight lifted by a human in an Olympic competition was 263.5 kg by Hossein Rezazadeh, a weight that was about one and a half times his own bodyweight and equivalent to lifting four average—sized people. This species is found in Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico.

這種甲殼蟲(chóng)能夠搬運(yùn)比自己重30多倍的重物,是地球上力氣最大的動(dòng)物之一。和它相比,人類(lèi)在奧運(yùn)比賽中舉重的最好成績(jī)是由侯賽因·拉扎扎德創(chuàng)造的263.5公斤,這一重量約是他體重的1.5倍,相當(dāng)于他舉起了4個(gè)中等身材的人。這一物種在美國(guó)的亞利桑那州和新墨西哥州以及墨西哥境內(nèi)均有分布。

1.feat [fi?t] n. 技藝

2.cheetah: 參見(jiàn)P11注釋15

3.predator [?pred?t?(r)] n. 捕食其他動(dòng)物為生的動(dòng)物,捕食者

4.graze [ɡre?z] vi. (牛、羊等)啃食牧草

5.exert [?ɡ?z??t] vt. 用(力),盡(力)

6.prey [pre?] n. 被捕食的動(dòng)物,捕獲物

7.breed [bri?d] vi. 產(chǎn)仔;繁殖

8.equivalent [??kw?v?l?nt] adj. 相等的,相同的

9.prolific [pr??l?f?k] adj. 多產(chǎn)的,多育的

10.dispersal [d??sp??sl] n. 散布;傳播

11.naturalize [?n?t?r?la?z] vt. 使(動(dòng)物、植物等)適應(yīng)異域生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境,使引種(或引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng))成功

12.invasive [?n?ve?s?v] adj. 入侵的,侵略(性)的

13.outcompete [?a?tk?m?pi?t] vt. 【生】(在生存空間、食物或其他資源的爭(zhēng)奪中)排擠(另一物種)

14.shot put: 【體】推鉛球

15.Old World: 東半球;舊大陸。指在哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸之前歐洲人所認(rèn)識(shí)的歐洲、亞洲和非洲,可統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為亞歐非大陸。與Old World相對(duì)的是New World,即西半球或新大陸,主要指美洲大陸。

16.shatter [???t?(r)] vt. 使粉碎,砸碎

17.marrow [?m?r??] n. 髓,骨髓

18.triathlon [tra???θl?n] n. 【體】三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)

19.alga [??lɡ?] n. [常用復(fù)]水藻,海藻。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為algae。

20.mass [m?s] n. 【物】質(zhì)量

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