移 植

句子：我國某大學在校慶前夕將移植牛頓蘋果樹的枝條到其校園。

誤譯：On the eve of its school anniversary, a university of our country would transplant a few branches of Newtons apple trees on its campus.

正譯：On the eve of its school anniversary, a university of our country would have a few branches of Newtons apple trees transplanted on its campus.

解釋：to transplant 的意思是to move a growing plant and plant it somewhere else，即“移植”。原譯文中的university做主語，transplant做謂語，會使人把university當成移植的實際操作者。事實上，該university 只是移植的策劃者和指揮者。為避免歧義，最好用 to have sth done 句型。

“移植”的第一個意思是“將秧苗或樹木移到別處栽種”，或稱“移栽”。英語可以譯為 to transplant。例如：1. 農場工人正在往稻田移栽秧苗。The farm workers are transplanting rice seedlings into the paddy fields. 2. 這個植物園里有各種各樣從國外移植來的花木。In this botanical garden, there are varieties of flowers and trees transplanted from overseas.

“移植”的第二個意思是“將機體的某組織或某器官移到同一機體或另一機體的有缺陷部位”。英語動詞可以譯為 to transplant, to graft；名詞可以譯為 transplant, transplanting, grafting。例如：3. 這些外科醫生已成功地給這個四歲孩子移植了肝臟。The surgeons have successfully transplanted a liver into the four-year-old child.

“移植”的第三個意思是比喻“引進別處的成果或經驗”。英語可以譯為 to transplant。例如：4. 近幾十年來，京劇從各種地方戲曲移植了不少優秀劇目。Over the last few decades, many excellent repertoires have been transplanted from various local operas into Beijing Opera. ▲

（本欄目供稿：王逢鑫教授）