一直都對北歐懷有莫名的好感,在眾神之王奧丁治理下的這片冰雪王國,從自然到城市、從音樂到建筑,無一不充滿了神奇而瑰麗的想象,閃耀著別樣的光芒。
相信大凡讀過塞爾瑪·拉格洛芙的《尼爾斯騎鵝歷險記》的人,一定會對她筆下美麗的瑞典印象深刻,這部奇特的作品也是諾貝爾文學獎上惟一一部入選的童話作品。信步于斯德哥爾摩街頭,原來童話即是現(xiàn)實,沒有緊張,沒有煩惱,連時間都慵懶了起來,這才是生活的真諦……
There’s no better hub1 for exploring Scandinavia than the beautiful “Venice of the North,” Sweden’s capital, Stockholm.
From the cultured capital to the wild mountai-nous north, Sweden holds fascination for the arts and history buff2 and the fan of outdoors’ activities alike. The country’s mountains begin in Dalarna3 with gentle slopes that build up to a 1,900-kilometer (1,140 miles) chain culminating4 in the magnificent snow-covered peaks of the far north. The Lapps5 who live here off fishing and reindeer6 herding have done an admirable job of retaining their distinctive culture.
But, unlike North America, in Sweden you don’t have to go to the remote north to encounter fresh air and pure water. In fact, in downtown Stockholm the water is so clean you can swim and fish right off the major thoroughfares7. One of the most popular spots for fishing is outside the royal palace. Here salmon and sea trout8 are caught on their migration from the Baltic9 to Lake Malaren10. Among the more humble species to be hooked are perch11, pike12,zander13 and Balticherring14.
The city of Stockholm was founded in the 13th century on an island where Lake Malaren flows out into the Baltic. As time passed the inhabitants spread out across the neighboring islands and mainland to the north and south. The current population of greater Stockholm is 1.7 million, with about 700,000 living within the city limits.
Stockholm is beautifully situated on 14 islands separated by wide bays, broad channels and narrow waterways. Surrounded by unspoiled countryside, the city is also peppered with lovely parks. In the heart of the capital the contrast between old and new is striking: an ultra modern15 city center adjacent16 to the cobbled alleys and medieval buildings of Gamla Stan 17(Old Town).
Visitors to Stockholm are strongly recommended to purchase a Stockholm Card. The card gives you free entry to 75 museums and attractions, free travel by public transport, free sightseeing by boat as well as several other bonus offers. You decide whether you want a card that is valid for 24, 48 or 72 hours. The card will not be valid until it is stamped with the time and date the first time you use it. Two child cards can be purchased per adult card. The card is valid once per attraction and entitles you to unlimited travel by metro, bus and commuter train18.
Stockholm’s Viking19 heritage may be enjoyed by taking a boat trip to see the remains of the old capital at Birka20 and the 1,000-year-old town of Sigtuna21.Medieval22 Stockholm can be experienced by visiting the Medieval Museum or by merely strolling through Gamla Stan, where many of the churches and other buildings date back 800 years or more.
The Swedish royal family is very popular with the people. The Royal Palace in Stockholm is the largest in Europe still in use and the royal family lives in the 18th-century palace at Drottningholm23 with its world famous theatre.
Stockholm is also a city of the sea, located as it is on the edge of the world’s largest archipelago24 of more than 25,000 islands. Take a lazy cruise on one of the seven genuine stea-mers still in use. In service for a century, these old character ships have been beautifully restored to maintain their Edwardian ambience25. All the steamers boast first class restaurants in which you can enjoy lunch or dinner.
Water is a dominant element in the life of Swedes. In Stockholm, the“Venice of the North,” water adds immeasurably to the charm of this already captivating city. As Sweden’s international tennis champion, Bjorn Borg26 puts it: “Sweden is surrounded by water and even away from the coast our lakes and rivers are the dominant feature of the landscape. I live outside Stockholm and some days I take my boat into the city when I have a business appointment. I get a tremendous kick out of 27that. Who wouldn’t?”
Who indeed!
假如你想要探索斯堪的納維亞半島的話,沒有哪里比瑞典的首都斯德哥爾摩更合適了,這座美麗的城市被人們稱為“北方威尼斯”。
從文化氣息濃厚的首都到荒蕪的北方山地,瑞典不僅對藝術和歷史愛好者閃爍著迷人的魅力,也是戶外運動者的摯愛之地。這個國家的山地從達拉那省開始,平緩的坡地蜿蜒1900公里(1140英里)直到遙遠的北方那壯麗的冰雪皚皚的頂峰。居住在這里的拉普蘭人依靠打魚和放牧馴鹿為生,并絕妙地保存了他們獨特的傳統(tǒng)文化。
不過,與在北美不同的是,在瑞典你不需要去偏遠的北方才能邂逅新鮮的空氣和純凈的水源。實際上,就在斯德哥爾摩的市區(qū),水域都是如此地干凈,你甚至可以在主干道邊游泳、釣魚。其中一處最受歡迎的釣魚之處就在皇宮的旁邊。在鮭魚和海鱒從波羅的海到馬拉倫湖洄游時捕漁,同時還能釣到其他種類更為一般的魚,如河鱸、梭子魚、梭鱸和波羅的海青魚。
斯德哥爾摩城于13世紀建于一座小島上,馬拉倫湖從這里流入波羅的海。隨著時間的流逝,島上的居民開始向四周鄰近的島嶼以及大陸的北部和南部遷移。目前整個斯德哥爾摩地區(qū)的人口為170萬,其中約70萬居住在城市里。
美麗的斯德哥爾摩坐落在14座小島上,島嶼間由寬闊的海灣、寬廣的道路和狹窄的水路分隔開。整個城市由未受過污染的鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)繞著,城市中間還密布著景色優(yōu)美的公園。在首都的中心地區(qū),新舊文化的反差極為明顯:極其現(xiàn)代的市中心緊靠著鵝卵石鋪就的小徑和中世紀建筑風格的舊城區(qū)。
對于所有到斯德哥爾摩的游客們,強烈推薦購買一張“斯德哥爾摩通行卡”。該卡能讓你免費進入75個博物館和觀光點,免費搭乘公交車輛,免費乘坐觀光游船,并且還有許多其他的額外好處。你可以自己決定購買有效期為24、48或72小時的卡,而該卡在蓋章標明你第一次使用它的那個日期和時間才開始生效。兒童卡的價格是成人卡的一半。該卡在每個觀光點能使用一次,并讓你能夠不限次數(shù)地乘坐地鐵、公交車和市郊火車。
乘一條小船去比爾卡城和有著1000多年歷史的西格圖納市游覽舊首都的遺跡,也許能更好地領略到斯德哥爾摩的維京人傳統(tǒng)。參觀中世紀博物館或只在舊城區(qū)四處走走,你就能體會到中世紀的斯德哥爾摩的風采,城中的許多教堂和其他建筑的歷史都可以追溯到800年前甚至更久遠。
瑞典的皇室家族深受人民愛戴。位于斯德哥爾摩的皇宮是目前在歐洲依然被皇室成員使用的皇宮中規(guī)模最大的,而皇室家族居住在皇后島上建于18世紀的宮殿里,其間的戲院舉世聞名。
斯德哥爾摩也是一座海洋之城,坐落在世界上最大的群島旁邊,群島包括了25000多座小島。你可以乘坐目前仍在使用的七艘汽船中的一艘緩慢地巡游一番。盡管這些老式汽船都服役了一個多世紀了,幾經(jīng)修復后他們依然完美地保持著愛德華七世時代的風格。這些汽船上都有著一流的餐廳,你可以在其間享用午餐或晚餐。
水在瑞典人的生活中占據(jù)著主導地位。在斯德哥爾摩這座“北方的威尼斯”,水為這座迷人的城市更添光彩。作為出身瑞典的國際網(wǎng)球冠軍,比約·伯格曾說過:“瑞典四面環(huán)水,即使是在遠離海岸的地方,我們的湖泊和河流依然是風景中的主要特色。我住在斯德哥爾摩城外,有時候有工作上的約會時,我就會駕船進城。我非常享受這段美妙的時光。有誰不會呢?”
誰說不是呢!
注釋
1 hub n. 焦點,中心
2 buff n. 狂熱愛好者
3 Dalarna n. 達拉那,瑞典的一個省
4 culminate v. 達到頂點
5 Lapp n.拉普蘭人
6 reindeer n. 馴鹿
7 thoroughfare n.通路,大道
8 sea trout 海鱒
9 Balitic adj. 波羅的海的
10 Lake Malaren 馬拉倫湖,瑞典境內(nèi)最大的湖泊
11 perch n. 河鱸
12 pike n. 梭子魚
13 zander n. 梭鱸魚
14 herring n. 青魚,鯡魚
15 ultra modern 極其時髦的
16 adjacentadj.鄰近的,接近的
17 Gamla Stan 瑞典語中古城、老城的意思
18 commuter train 市郊火車
19 Viking n. 維京人(八到十世紀)北歐海盜
20 Birka 比爾卡,中世紀瑞典東南部一城市
21 Sighuna 西格圖納市,瑞典最古老最迷人的城市
22 medieval adj. 中世紀的,老式的
23 Drottningholm 皇后島,瑞典的皇家宮殿和園林,因其建設受法國凡爾賽宮的啟發(fā),固有“瑞典凡爾賽”之稱
24 archipclago n. 群島
25 Edwardian ambience 愛德華七世時代的
26 Bjorn Borg 比約·伯格,瑞典的前世界排名第一的男子網(wǎng)球運動員,六屆法網(wǎng)男單冠軍得主
27 get a kick out of 和某人/某事相處愉快,享受美好事物
小鏈接: 塞爾瑪·拉格洛芙和《尼爾斯騎鵝歷險記》
女作家塞爾瑪·拉格洛芙,生于瑞典西部韋姆蘭省瑪巴卡村的貴族軍官家庭。3歲時因下肢患病行走艱難,主要與書籍和會講故事的外祖母朝夕相伴,并接觸了大量的童話和民間傳說。1882年,拉格洛芙入斯德哥爾摩皇室女子師范學院學習,畢業(yè)后擔任小學地理老師達10年之久,并于業(yè)余從事寫作。1906年應瑞典一位小學校長的請求,她答應寫一本適合兒童讀的書。年近50歲的她為了搜集有關資料,忍受著腿疾帶來的巨大痛苦跋山涉水,在全國進行實地考查。她在認真研究飛禽走獸的生活習性和規(guī)律、調查各地的風俗習慣和民間傳說的基礎上,終于完成了舉世聞名的童話小說《尼爾斯騎鵝歷險記》。1909年,“由于她作品中特有的高貴的理想主義、豐饒的想象力、平易而優(yōu)美的風格”,獲得了諾貝爾文學獎。
《尼爾斯騎鵝歷險記》講述了一個名叫尼爾斯的14歲小男孩的故事。他家住瑞典南部,父母都是善良、勤勞卻十分貧困的農(nóng)民。他不愛讀書學習,調皮搗蛋,好捉弄小動物。一個初春,尼爾斯的父母上教堂去了,他在家因捉弄一個小精靈而被魔法變成了個拇指般大的小人兒。正在這時,一群大雁從空中飛過,家中一只雄鵝也想展翅隨大雁飛行,尼爾斯為了不讓雄鵝飛走,緊緊抱住鵝的脖子,不料卻被雄鵝帶上高空。從此,他騎在鵝背上,跟隨著大雁走南闖北,周游各地,歷時八個月才返回家鄉(xiāng)。他騎在鵝背上看到了祖國的旖旎風光,學習了祖國的地理歷史,聽了許多故事傳說,冒了不少風險,也經(jīng)受了種種苦難。在漫游中,他從旅伴和其他動物身上學到了許多優(yōu)秀品質,逐漸改正了調皮搗蛋的缺點,培養(yǎng)了助人為樂的精神。當他重返家鄉(xiāng)時,不僅重新變成了一個高大漂亮的男孩,而且成了一個溫柔、善良、勤勞的好孩子。