摘要:以鄰羥基苯乙酮與碳酸二甲酯為原料,氫化鈉為縮合劑合成4-羥基香豆素。通過正交試驗考察反應溫度、反應時間和原料物質的量之比對4-羥基香豆素的影響,結果表明3因素中反應溫度對4-羥基香豆素的影響最大,原料物質的量之比的影響最小,最佳反應條件為反應時間1.0 h、原料物質的量之比n鄰羥基苯乙酮 ∶ n碳酸二甲酯 ∶ n氫化鈉=1.0∶2.0∶1.0、反應溫度120 ℃。在該條件下4-羥基香豆素的產率可達86.6%。
關鍵詞:4-羥基香豆素;合成;正交試驗
中圖分類號:O625.45 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)23-4932-02
Optimization of Synthesis Technology of 4-Hydroxycoumarin by Orthogonal Test
ZHU Ping-hua1,2,Chen Wen-bin2,CHEN Lian-feng2
(1.Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute,Lianyungang 222001, Jiangsu, China;
2. Huaihai Institute of Technology,Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China)
Abstract: 4-hydroxycoumarin was synthesized using 2-hydroxyacetophenone and dimethyl carbonate as substrate and sodium hydride as catalytic. Orthogonal test was adopted to analyze the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and dosage of reactants on the yield of 4-hydroxycoumarin. The result showed that among the three factors, reaction temperature had the most significant effect while dosage of reactants had the lest effect. The optimum reaction conditions were, reaction time, 1.0 h; n2-hydroxyacetophenone∶ ndimethyl carbonate∶ nsodium hydride=1.0∶2.0∶1.0; Reaction temperature, 120 ℃. The yield of 4-hydroxycoumarin obtained under these conditions was 86.6%.
Key words: 4-hydroxycoumarin; synthesis; orthogonal test
4-羥基香豆素是香豆素類化合物中應用最為廣泛的一種農藥、醫藥中間體,可用于生產雙香豆素、香豆素乙醋,新抗凝、華法凝等抗凝血藥物[1,2],也是一些殺鼠藥,如滅鼠靈、氯滅鼠靈、克滅鼠、澳敵隆等的中間體。其中澳敵隆是第二代抗凝血型殺鼠劑,它在美國滅鼠劑市場中已占30%以上[3-5]。但4-羥基香豆素產率很低,本試驗采用L9(3)3正交試驗研究各因素對其合成的影響,從而找出最佳的合成工藝條件[6]。
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要試劑及儀器
鄰羥基苯乙酮、碳酸二甲酯、氫化鈉、甲苯和鹽酸等試劑均為分析純,購自上?;瘜W試劑有限公司。紅外光譜儀(天津市港東科技發展有限公司)、數字熔點儀(上海精密科學儀器有限公司)、AV400 NMR核磁共振波譜儀(Bruker公司)。
1.2 4-羥基香豆素的合成
以鄰羥基苯乙酮和碳酸二甲酯為原料、氫化鈉為縮合劑反應合成4-羥基香豆素(圖1)[7]。具體步驟為:①將甲苯、氫化鈉加入三頸燒瓶中攪拌均勻后升溫至120 ℃;②滴加鄰羥基苯乙酮和碳酸二甲酯(為提高產品收率,需嚴格控制滴加速度),滴加的同時保持小回流狀態至滴加結束,回流保溫約……p>