摘要:在湖北省三峽庫區農村選擇了24戶典型農戶作為研究對象,分別對每戶農戶每個季節連續3 d的生活污水產生量、水質、主要污染物產污系數進行了分析。結果表明,湖北省三峽庫區農村戶平均生活污水日產生量為46.132 L,人均日產生污水量為17.530 L;人均日產生污水量受季節、地域、農戶有無下水設施的影響,與農戶收入水平無明顯聯系;農村生活污水水質不穩,其中COD、TP、TN及NH4+-N等指標的濃度變幅較大,僅pH變幅較小。生活污水水質中各項指標的平均水平pH為7.15,COD為656.22 mg/L,TP為4.13 mg/L,TN為20.69 mg/L,NH4+-N為11.88 mg/L,表現為高碳中氮中磷的水質特性;生活污水的產污系數為COD 21.04 g/(人·d)、TP 0.12 g /(人·d)、TN 0.53 g/(人·d)、NH4+-N 0.30 g/(人·d); COD的產污系數受地域、季節、農戶有無下水設施的影響,受農戶收入水平影響不規律;TP的產污系數則受地域、季節、農戶有無下水設施的影響,與農戶收入水平無關;TN和NH4+-N產污系數則只受季節的影響。
關鍵詞:三峽庫區;農村生活污水;影響因子;水質特征;產污系數
中圖分類號:X799.3 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)24-5079-05
Study on Rural Domestic Wastewater Producing Dynamics and Characteristic of Wastewater Quality in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province.
FAN Xian-peng1,XIONG Gui-yun1,ZHANG Min-min1,DONG Wen-zhong2,GAN Xiao-Ze2,LI Feng2,WANG Li-na2
(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
2. Hubei Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Centre, Wuhan, 430071, China)
Abstract: 24 typical rural households from 4 counties in Three Gorges reservoir area of Hubei province were selected to study the producing rate of rural domestic wastewater(RDW), influencing factors, the features of the flow quality, and the producing coefficient of pollutant produced in 3 continuous days of each season. The result showed that the producing rate of RDW averaged at 17.530 L/d per capita; Which was affected by the location, season and income, sanitary appliance of the farmer. The quality of RSW was instable. The average pH and the concentration of COD, TP, TN and NH4+-N were 7.15, 656.22 mg/L, 4.13 mg/L, 20.69 mg/L and 11.88 mg/L respectively; And the margins of COD、TP、TN and NH4+-N value were large, while the change range of pH was small. The producing coefficients of main pollutant from RDW were COD 21.04 g/(cap·d), TP 0.12 g/(cap·d), TN 0.53 g/(cap·d), NH4+-N 0.30 g/(cap·d) respectively. The producing coefficients of COD and TP were affected by the location, season and sanitary appliance, while that of TN and NH4+-N were only affected by season.
Key words: Three Gorges reservoir area; rural domestic wastewater; influencing factors; characteristic of wastewater quality; producing coefficient of pollutant
我國農村人口數量大,居住分散,96%的村落沒有污水處理設施,生活污水隨意排放,對農村地區居住環境和人們身體健康造成了很大的威脅[1,2]。隨著農村人民生活水平的提高以及我國城鄉一體化進程的逐漸展開,農村生活污水對農村環境及受納水體水環境的影響已引起了越來越多的關注[3-5]。三峽庫區是我國生態環境敏感區、脆弱區和易污染易破壞區[6]。三峽水庫蓄水后,水深增加,流速減緩,江水自凈能力減弱,部分支流口形成的庫灣受回水頂托影響,易出現水域富營養化現象[7,8],農村生活污水是三峽庫區水體污染物的主要來源[9]。……