院士風采

院士風采

馮德培1907.02.20～1995.04.10

神經生理學家。中國科學院上海生物研究所研究員、名譽所長。浙江臨海人。1926年畢業于上海復旦大學生物系，1927年～1929年在北京協和醫學院生物系當研究生。1933年在英國倫敦大學獲博士學位。馮德培發現靜息肌肉被拉長時產熱增加，這個發現被稱為“馮氏效應”；在神經肌肉接頭生理學方面，他早在1936年～1941年間就進行了大量的開創性研究，成為國際公認的這一領域的先驅者。在神經肌肉間營養性關系方面，他帶領共同工作者發現了雞慢肌纖維去神經后肥大的現象，并對闡明如何決定肌纖維類型的機制作出重要貢獻。晚年他帶領學生開展了中樞突觸可塑性的研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Neurophysiologist.Born in Linhai, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from the Department of Biology, Fudan University in 1926 and finished postgraduate study from the Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College in 1929.Received Ph.D.from the University of London in 1933.Professor and honorary director, Shangai Institute of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Feng discovered the increase of resting heat production of muscle on stretch (the “Feng effect”).In physiology of neuromuscular junction he made a number of seminal discoveries in the early 1930s and is an internationally recogniaed pioneer.In the field of nervemuscle trophic relations, together with his collaborators, he discovered the new phenomenon of post-denervation hypertrophy in slow muscle fibers of the chick and contributed to the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the nerual determination of the phenotypic characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers.He and his students are currently doing research on activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in hippocampus.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

朱洗1900.10.14～1962.07.24

細胞學家。浙江臨海人。1925年進入法國蒙彼利埃大學生物系學習，1931年獲法國國家博士學位。中國科學院實驗生物研究所研究員、所長。長期從事兩棲類、魚類、家蠶等動物卵子成熟、受精等研究，發現卵子成熟程度與胚胎的正常發育有密切關系；輸卵管產生的膠膜對受精有重要作用；創立了蟾蜍卵巢離體排卵的方法，為探討卵子成熟、受精和發育問題開辟了新途徑。1961年使人工雌性發育的雌蟾蜍與雄蟾蜍交配，繁殖出后代，證明了單性生殖的高等動物仍保有傳代的能力；家蠶的混精雜交研究，發現了不同品種的逾數精子能影響子代的遺傳形狀。在應用方面，與合作者解決了蓖麻蠶的引種、馴化、越冬以及品種培育等問題；應用絨毛膜促性腺激素，成功地解決了鰱、鳙等池養家魚的人工催產以及魚卵孵化和魚苗培育等問題。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Cytologist.Born in Linhai, Zhejiang Province.Studied at the Department of Biology, Montpellier University, France in 1925.Received French national doctor degree in 1931.Research professor and director, Institute of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhu was engaged in the studieds of maturation and fertilization of amphibian, fish and silkworm eggs and discovered that the normal development of an egg depends on its proper degree of maturation at the time of fertilization and that egg jelly produced by the oviduct is indispensable for fertilization.He devised a method of ovulation in vitro that provided a new way of analysis of maturation and fertilization of amphibian eggs.He further proved that the parthenogenetically developed female toad is fertile and capable of producing viable offspring.In hybrids obtained by successive mating of a female moth with males of different strains of silkworm, he discovered that some phenotypic characters of the descendants were derived from the superumerary sperms of other strains as a result of polyspermy.He and his colleagues introduced Eri-silkworm（Philosamia cynthia ricine）and solved problems of acclimatization, over-wintering and breeding.Using chorionic gonadotropin, he succeeded in the induced spawning of domestic fishes like silver carp and Aristichthys nobilis and worked out the procedures for the hatching of larvae and cultivation of fish fries.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

伍獻文1900.03.15～1985.04.03

動物學家。浙江瑞安人。1921年畢業于南京高等師范學校，1927年獲廈門大學理學學士學位。1932年獲法國巴黎大學科學博士學位。是中國科學院水生生物研究所研究員、名譽所長。是中國研究魚類學和水生生物學的奠基人之一。對蠕蟲、加殼、兩棲爬行、鳥類等動物進行了深入的研究，組織了渤海灣及山東半島的海洋生物調查，這是中國組織的海洋考察的開端；領導并參加了江蘇五里湖的調查工作。組織編寫了《中國鯉科魚類志》（上、下卷）。《鯉亞目魚類分科的系統及其科間系統發育的相互關系》提出了鯉亞目魚類的一個新的分類系統，其論點已被加拿大學者J.S.納爾遜引用與權威性著作《世界魚類》第二版。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Zoologist.Born in Ruian, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from Nanjing Senior Normal School in 1921.Received B.Sc.From Xiamen Universyty in 1927, and Sc.D.From Paris University, France in 1932.Professor, director and honroary director, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

As one of the founders of Chinese ichthyology and aquatic biology, Wu conducted in-depth studies of many kinds of animals, including worms, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles and birds.He organized the bilolgical survey of the Bohai Sea Gulf and Shandong Peninsula, which intiated the marine investigations in China.He organized the limnological investigation of the Wuli Lake in Jiangsu Province and the compilation of the two-volume book “Monograph of Chinese Cyprindae”.He proposed a new taxonomical system of the suborder Cyprinoidei, which was reflected in his paper “A Taxonomical System and Phylogenetic Relationship of the Families of the Suborder Cyprinoidei (Pisces)”.His argument was cited by Canadian scientist J.S.Nelson in the second edition of his authoritative book “Fishes of the World”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

劉承釗1900.09.25～1976.04.09

動物學家。山東泰安人。1927年畢業于燕京大學生物學系，獲學士學位，1929年又獲理學碩士學位。1934年獲美國康乃爾大學哲學博士學位。四川醫學院教授、院長。曾先后在四川、云南、貴州、西藏、陜西、福建、廣東、廣西、湖南、湖北、新疆等14個省區調查采集了大量珍貴的標本和資料；在兩棲動物區系分類的基礎理論研究方面做出了成績，編寫了《華西兩棲類》(1950)及《中歐各國無尾兩棲類》專著，受到世界上同行的重視。先后發現了角蟾亞科7個屬40個種，定名新種和新亞種60余種，澄清了許多過去在分類上的問題；提出橫斷山脈是我國角蟾亞科分化中心的見解，為研究角蟾動物的起源和演化提供了科學依據，為查明我國兩棲動物的豐富資源作出了貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Zoologist.Born in Taian, Shandong Province.Received BS in 1927 and MS in 1929 from the Department of Biology, Yanjing University and Ph.D.from Cornell University, USA in 1934.Professor and director, Sichuan Medical College.

Liu collected a vast amount of valuable specimens and data in 14 provinces such as Sichuan,Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Shaansi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Xinjiang.He made contributions to the basic theoretical research on amphibia classification complied the book entitled “Amphibia in West China”which was praised highly by European and American scholars after publication in USA in 1950.He discovered 7 genera and 40 species of subphytaiidae, named over 60 new species and subspecies and clarified lots of classification problems.He proposed that Hengduan Mountain Chain is the distribution center of subphytaiidae in China, porvided scientific basis for studying the origin and evolutin of phytaiidae and made contributions to the clarfication of the rich resources of amphibia in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.