院士風(fēng)采

張香桐1907.11.27～2007.11.04

神經(jīng)生理學(xué)家。河北正定人。1933年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)生理系。1946年獲美國耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院生理系哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院上海腦研究所研究員、名譽(yù)所長。首先提出大腦皮層運動區(qū)是代表肌肉的論點；根據(jù)視覺皮層誘發(fā)電位的分析提出視覺通路中三色傳導(dǎo)學(xué)說，發(fā)現(xiàn)“光強(qiáng)化”現(xiàn)象。世界生理學(xué)界把這種現(xiàn)象命名為“張氏效應(yīng)”；首次發(fā)現(xiàn)樹突電位；還從事針刺鎮(zhèn)痛機(jī)制研究，認(rèn)為針刺鎮(zhèn)痛是兩種感覺傳入在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相互作用的結(jié)果。

1957 年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Neurophsiologist. Born in Zhengding, Hebei Province. Graduated from the Department of Psychology, Peking National University in 1933. Received Ph. D. in physiology from School of Medicine, Yale University, USA in 1946. Research professor and honorary director,Shanghai Brain Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhang demonstrated for the first time the topographical representation of muscles in the motor cortex and the existence of corticothalamic reverberating circuit. He postulated the trichromatic conduction theory in the visual pathways and discovered the photic potentiation phenomenon ( the socalled “Zhang’s effect”). He is considered as one of the pioneers in the study of dendritic potential. He also studied the neural mechanism of acupuncture and proposed the sensory interaction theory in interpretation of acupuncture analgesia.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

尹贊勛1902.02.23～1984.01.27

地質(zhì)學(xué)家、古生物學(xué)家。河北平鄉(xiāng)人。1931年獲法國理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所研究員。學(xué)術(shù)研究領(lǐng)域包括古生物的許多門類、顯生宙各個系的地層學(xué)以及有關(guān)能源和礦產(chǎn)資源研究，以對志留系軟體動物化石和筆石化石的研究所做出的貢獻(xiàn)而著名。主編了第一部中國區(qū)域底層表和《中國地層典》的石炭系分冊。1972年始，將國際上地球科學(xué)最新重大突破——板塊構(gòu)造學(xué)向國內(nèi)作了系統(tǒng)介紹，推動了中國板塊構(gòu)造學(xué)的研究。1978年發(fā)布了《論褶皺幕》專著，對中國的褶皺幕和褶皺旋回的劃分提出了獨特的見解。對古生物鐘的研究，為古生物學(xué)和天文學(xué)的相互滲透以闡明地球歷史方面起了先導(dǎo)作用。他是我國地層規(guī)范的創(chuàng)始人，我國志留系研究的奠基人，我國無脊椎古生物學(xué)的開拓者。他是推動我國地球科學(xué)事業(yè)的優(yōu)秀組織者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

1955 年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Geologist and paleontologist. Born in Pingxiang, Hebei Province.Received Sc.D. in France in 1923. Research professor, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Yin’s research field covered many branches of paleontology,stratigraphy of various phanerobiotic system as well as energy and mineral resources. He was world-famous for his contributions to Silurian mollusk and graptolite. As the chief editor, he published China’s first “Regional Stratigraphic Tables of China” an “Stratigraphic Lexicon of China” (Vol. 7, Carboniferous System). In 1972, he first introduced systematically the updated breakthrough of geosciences, plate tectonics, into China, promoting the studies of Chinese plate tectonics. In 1978, he published a book titled “ On Folding Phases”, in which he presented his original view to divide folding phased and cycles in China. He was also one of the pioneers to study the paleontologic clock which can combine paleontology with astronomy to clarify the evolutionary history of the Earth. He was the founder of stratigraphic code, Silurian stratigraphy and invertebrate paleontology in China and also one of the outstanding organizers and leaders to have pushed Chinese geosciences forward.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

田奇雋1899.02.13～1975.09.15

地質(zhì)學(xué)家。土家族。湖南大庸人。1923年北京大學(xué)地質(zhì)系畢業(yè)。曾任地質(zhì)部地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局總工程師、全國礦產(chǎn)儲量委員會副主任等。早年研究中國尤其是南方晚古生代和早中生代的一些海相地層和化石，作出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)，以對湖南泥盆系及其頭足類化石的研究最為深入而系統(tǒng)，涉及地層的全面劃分對比、21個化石帶的建立、古生物群的分布與演化、古地理的闡述等，包括中國石炭紀(jì)海百合化石、南方三疊系及其下部的頭足類化石等方面。50年代以來，除組織并參與中南及全國重點地區(qū)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查外，參與制訂了數(shù)十種地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘探規(guī)范，審批了大量的礦產(chǎn)儲量勘探報告。晚年對首都鋼鐵資源勘探提出建議，并力陳海相成油和找隱伏礦的重要性。

1955 年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Geologist. Born in Dayong, Hunan Province. Tujia nationality.Graduated from Peking University in 1923. Chief engineer, Department of Geology and Mineral Resource, Ministry of Gelolgy and Mineral Resources, and vice chairman, National Mineral Reserves Commission.

In his early years of scientific career, he made contributions to the study of Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic marine strata and fossils, especially those in South China. His stuffy of the Devonian System and its Cephalopoda in Human Province was the deepest and the most systematical, which not only involved the complete division and correlation of strata, the establishment of 21 fossil zones, the distribution and evolution of paleobiocenosis and the change of paleogeography in that region, but also extended to the study of Carboniferous Crinoidea in China and the Triassic System and its underlying Cephalopoda in South China. Since 1950, he had participated in working out tens of geological exploration codes and in examining and approving a lot of reports of mineral reserves.Meanwhile, he had organized and directed geological explorations in South China and key regions all over the country. In his later years, he put forward profitable proposals for the development of iron resources in Beijing and stressed the importance of prospecting marine oil-gas fields and hidden deposits.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

樂森尋1899.09.04～1989.02.12

地質(zhì)學(xué)家、古生物學(xué)家。貴州貴陽人。1924年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)地質(zhì)系。1936年獲德國馬堡大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。自20年代起在中國西南地區(qū)開展煤、鐵、鋁等礦產(chǎn)資源普查，為這一地區(qū)的資源合理開發(fā)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。作為中國珊瑚化石研究的奠基人之一，對四射珊瑚化石完成了大量屬種的總結(jié)和厘定，提出分類學(xué)與系統(tǒng)演化方面的重要認(rèn)識，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了著名的樂氏江油魚化石。在泥盆紀(jì)地層研究方面，取得一系列重要研究成果。在地質(zhì)學(xué)、古生物學(xué)的教育和普及方面作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，50年代為北京大學(xué)恢復(fù)了地質(zhì)系，為國家地質(zhì)事業(yè)培養(yǎng)了眾多專門人才。

1955 年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Geologist and paleontologist. Born in Guiyang, Guizhou Province.Graduated from Peking University in 1924. Received Ph.D. from Marburg University, Germany in 1936. Professor, Peking University.

The prospect of such resources as coal, iron ore and bauxite Yue made in Southwest China during the 1920s laid a foundation for the proper development of mineral resources there in following years. As one of the founders of the research on coral fossils in China, he made in-depth studies on Rugosa, identified a lot of its genera and species,and presented important conclusions for its taxonomy and phylogeny.He was the discoverer of a famous fish fossil named after his first name in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province. He also researched fruitfully Devonian System in China. He made important contribution to the education and popularization of geology and paleontology. In the 1950s,he took charge of the re-establishment of the Geology Department of Peking University and trained a large number of researchers and engineers needed for China’s geological undertakings.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.