院士風(fēng)采

林巧稚1901.12.23～1983.04.22

醫(yī)學(xué)家。福建廈門人。1929年畢業(yè)于協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院，獲醫(yī)學(xué)博士學(xué)位。協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院婦產(chǎn)科教授、主任，北京婦產(chǎn)醫(yī)院名譽(yù)院長，中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院教授、副院長。早年從事胎兒宮內(nèi)呼吸的研究；對滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞腫瘤發(fā)生及發(fā)展規(guī)律、女性盆器結(jié)核的發(fā)生及其治療進(jìn)行了深入研究，并進(jìn)行了大量科普宣傳和婦幼保健工作，有著精湛的醫(yī)術(shù)和優(yōu)良的醫(yī)德。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Medical scientist. Female. Born in Xiamen, Fujian Province.Received MD from Peking Union Medical College in 1929. Professor and chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, honorary president, Beijing Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital, and vice president, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

In her early years, Lin was engaged in the study of intrauterine fetal respiration. She made a thorough investigation on the occurrence and expansion of choriocarcinomas and the occurrence and treatment of women’s pelvic trberculosis. She had consummate medical skills and excellent medical morality. She also made great contributions to the propagation of popular science and to the matermal and child health care.

She became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

羅宗洛1898.08.02～1978.10.26

植物生理學(xué)家。浙江黃巖人。1930年在日本北海道帝國大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)部獲博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院上海植物生理研究所研究員、所長。中國植物生理學(xué)創(chuàng)始人之一。早年研究氫離子濃度對細(xì)胞原生質(zhì)膠體性質(zhì)的影響；植物對銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的吸收及各種金屬離子對植物吸收銨離子、硝酸根離子的影響研究，發(fā)展了植物氮素營養(yǎng)生理的研究領(lǐng)域；進(jìn)行了植物組織培養(yǎng)、微量元素、生長素的研究；水分生理、抗性生理、輻射生理的研究在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮了一定的作用；參加蘇北沿海鹽漬對造林的影響、西北地區(qū)干旱與鹽漬對植物生長的影響、華南橡膠樹北移問題的考察研究，解決了生產(chǎn)中的實(shí)際問題。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Plant physiologist. Born in Huangyan, Zhejiang Province.Received Ph.D. from the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Japan in 1930. Professor and director, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Science.

Luo was one of the founders of plant physiology in China. In his early years, he studied the influence of hydrogen ion concentration on the colloidal properties of plant cytoplasm. He set up a research field on plant mineral nutrition based on his studies of the absorption of NH4+And NO3-by plants. His research findings played an important role in agricultural production, particularly those in the fields of plant tissue culture, micronutrients, plant hormones, water-relations, stress physilolgy and radiobiology. He participated in the investigation of several aspects, such as the effect of salinization along the northem Jiangsu coastal lines on the afforestation, the effect of drought and salinization of northwest regions on plant growth, and the northward extension of rubber trees in South China. These projects solved many practical problems in production.

he became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

秉志1886.04.09～1965.02.21

動物學(xué)家。河南開封人。滿族。1908年畢業(yè)于京師大學(xué)堂。1918年獲美國康奈爾大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院動物研究所研究員。中國近代生物學(xué)的一代宗師。1915年與留美同仁組織了中國最早的群眾性學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體“中國科學(xué)社”，并刊行中國最早的學(xué)術(shù)刊物《科學(xué)》；1921年創(chuàng)辦我國第一個(gè)生物系“南京高等師范學(xué)校生物系”，1922年與其他生物學(xué)家共同建立我國第一個(gè)生物學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)“中國科學(xué)社生物研究所”，1927年與植物學(xué)家胡先骕創(chuàng)建了北平靜生生物調(diào)查所；1934年與中國動物學(xué)家共同發(fā)起成立了中國動物學(xué)會，任第一屆理事長。為中國培養(yǎng)了大批科學(xué)家，直接受過訓(xùn)練的學(xué)生逾千人。學(xué)識淵博，研究領(lǐng)域廣泛，對動物區(qū)系分類學(xué)、形態(tài)學(xué)、生理學(xué)、昆蟲學(xué)及古動物學(xué)等研究卓有成就，尤精于動物解剖學(xué)和神經(jīng)學(xué)。對進(jìn)化理論深有研究。發(fā)表各種學(xué)術(shù)論著110余篇（冊），其中不少在學(xué)術(shù)上有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)見，在國內(nèi)外具重要地位。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Zoologist. Born in Kaifeng, Henan Province. Manchu nationality.Graduated from Peking University in 1908. Received Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1918. Research professor, Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Bing was the pioneer of Chinese modern biology. He established the first Chinese academic organzation, Chinese Science Society, in 1915 with his Chinese colleagues in the USA and published the first academic periodical Science. He founded China’s first department of biology at Nanjing Senior Normal School in 1921, China’s first research institution of biology, Institute of Biology, Chinese Science Society in 1922, Fan Memorial Institute of Biology in 1927 together with botanist Hu Xianxiao, and the Chinese Zoological Socienty in 1934 and served as its first president. He trained a lot of scientists for China, More than 1,000 students were trainde directly by him. He was an erudite scientist and his research field was extensive. He made great achievements in animal taxonomy and faunistics morphology,physiology, entomology and paleontology, and especially in vertebrate anatomy and neruology. He also had profound knowledge in the theory of evolution. He presented more than 110 publications, including books, monographs, research papers and articles, among which many had significant original ideas and academic importance.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

金善寶1895.07.02～1997.06.26

農(nóng)學(xué)家。浙江諸暨人。1920年畢業(yè)于南京高等師范學(xué)校農(nóng)業(yè)專修科，1926年補(bǔ)讀學(xué)分完成東南大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)本科學(xué)業(yè)。1932年獲美國明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院研究員、名譽(yù)院長。從世界各地收集的3000多份小麥材料中選出“矮粒多”和“南大2419”，在長江流域等13個(gè)省、市推廣，獲得高產(chǎn)；育成了京紅1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9號和“6082”等優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)品種；對“北京春播—高山夏播—南方秋播”一年三代加速世代育種方法的研究，加速了新品種的繁殖工作；研究鑒定了從全國征集到的5544個(gè)小麥品種，其中“云南小麥”是世界上獨(dú)有的小麥新種，對小麥種類及其分布的系統(tǒng)研究，為中國小麥育種打下了基礎(chǔ)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Agronomist. Born in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Senior Normal School in 1920 and completed additional credits to be a gradrate of the Southeast University majoring in agronomy in 1926. Received MS from the University of Minnesota in 1932. Professor and honorary president,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

The “Ailiduo” and “Nanda 2419”, which were high-yield wheat varieties developed from Jin’s collections of over 30,000 wheat materials, were cultivated in 13 provinces in the Yangtze River basin.He also developed many high-quality and high-yield wheat varieties,such as Jinghong No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No.8, No. 9 and “6082”. He used the technique of “Spring sowing in Beijing, Summer sowing in high mountains and Autumn sowing in the south” to speed up wheat breeding by growing three generations a year.He studied and identified 5,544 wheat cultivars collected throughout China and found that Triticum aestivum spp. Yunannese King is a unique wheat species in the world. His systematic studies on wheat cultivars and their distributions have laid a solid foundation for wheat breeding in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.