院士風(fēng)采

李連捷1908.06.07～1992..1.11

土壤地理學(xué)家。河北玉田人。1932年燕京大學(xué)理學(xué)院地理系畢業(yè)。1940年獲中華文化基金獎，被派往美國考察水土保持工作；繼而留美學(xué)習(xí)，先后獲田納西大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位和伊利諾伊大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。北京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教授。是我國土壤學(xué)主要開拓者和奠基人之一。在土壤分類學(xué)、土壤地理學(xué)、地貌學(xué)和第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)學(xué)方面，科研、教學(xué)成績卓著，在土壤微形態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)遙感方面有開拓性建樹。首次提出土壤分類的自型土綱、水型土綱和復(fù)成土綱。半個多世紀(jì)，一直從事野外考察工作，對我國土地資源的區(qū)劃評價和合理開發(fā)利用，鹽堿地的治理提供了大量的基礎(chǔ)性資料和建設(shè)性意見。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Soil gographer.Born in Yutian,Hebei Province.Graduated from the Department of Geography,College of Sciences,Yanjing University in 1932.Awarded Chinese Culture Funds in 1940,and went to US for an investigation tour on soil conservation work.Received MS from the University of Tennessee and Ph.D. from the University and one of the pioneers and founders of pedology in China.

Li made outstanding achievements in the field of soil taxonomy soil geography,geomorphology and Quaternary geology,and conducted pioneering work on soil micromorphology and remote sensing.He was the first to put forward the taxonomic systems of the idiomorphic,hydromorphic and complex soils.He conducted field surveys for over 50 years and provided a lot of fundamental data and constructive suggestions on the division,evaluation and rational utilization of land resources,and the treatment of saline-alkaline soils in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

吳英愷1910.05.08～2003.11.13

醫(yī)學(xué)家。遼寧新民人，滿族。1933年畢業(yè)于遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院（通稱“小河沿醫(yī)學(xué)院”）。1941年～1943年赴美國華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院進修胸外科。北京安貞醫(yī)院院長，是中國較早開展胸部及心血管外科的專家之一。1940年在中國首次切除食管癌成功，50年代末開展了對食管癌流行病學(xué)和病因?qū)W的研究；1944年在中國首次結(jié)扎先天性動脈導(dǎo)管成功；1948年首次成功切除縮窄性心包炎；60年代，開展胸腹部血管外科，成功地切除了主動脈弓動脈瘤，得到長期存活的結(jié)果；近20年來，積極組織高血壓、腦血管病、冠心病流行學(xué)研究及人群防治工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Medical expert. Born jin Xinmin, Liaoning Province. Manchu nationality. Graduated from the Mukden Mecical College in 1933. Took advanced studies of chest surgery in Washington University, USA from 1941 to 1943. President, Beijing Anzhen Hospital.

Wu is one of the pioneers in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in China. In 1940, he was the first in China to manage to resect a carcinoma of esophagus. In 1944, he did the first ligation of congenital ductus arteuosus in China. He successfully resected constrictive pericarditis in 1948. In the late 1950s, he began to study the epidemiology and etiology of carcinma of esophagus.He resected thoracic aortic aneurysm and obtained long-termed survival in the 1960s. In the pjast 20 years, he has actively organized community control of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension,cerebrovascular and coronary heart diseases.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

肖龍友1870.02.13～1960.10.20

醫(yī)學(xué)家。四川三臺人。1897年考中清朝丁酉科拔貢。中醫(yī)研究院學(xué)術(shù)委員、名譽院長、中央文史館館員。1892年川中霍亂流行，他與陳蘊生醫(yī)師用中草藥救治，控制了疫情的蔓延；重視辯證論治，主張四診合參，治愈了一些疑難病癥；1934年，與孔伯華共同創(chuàng)辦了北京國醫(yī)學(xué)院，培養(yǎng)了數(shù)百名中醫(yī)人才，對我國中醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展起到了承先啟后的作用；1954年第一屆全國人大會議上，提出設(shè)立中醫(yī)學(xué)院的議案，被政府采納；他留下了大量醫(yī)案，由后人重加整理，發(fā)揚利用。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Medical expert. Born in Santai, Sichuan Province. In 1897 (the year of Dingyou of the Dynasty ), he passed the imperial examination of “Gong Sheng”. Member, Scientific Committee, honorary president,Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and member, Central Research Institute of Culture and History.

Xiao and Doctor Chen Yunsheng cured many cholera patients using Chinese herbal medicine in 1892 and controlled the spreading of this pestilent disease. He put great emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of patients based upon an overall analysis of the illness and the patient’s condition and advocated the treatment of patients using four methods (examination, listening, smelling and pulse-feeling) in the diagnosis. He cured many difficult and complicated cases. In 1934,he and Kong Bohua co-established the Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and trained hundereds of traditional Chinese mdeical pradtitioners. He served as a link between the past and the future for the traditional Chinese medical sciences. In the First National People’s Congress, he put forward a motion on the establishment of the College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which was adopted by the Government. He left many records of medical treatment cases, which have been sorted out by his later generations and are used and further developed by the traditional Chinese medical doctors.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李繼侗1997.08.24～1961.12.12

植物學(xué)家、生態(tài)學(xué)家。江蘇興化人。1921年畢業(yè)于南京金陵大學(xué)。1923年獲美國耶魯大學(xué)研究員林學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，1925年獲博士學(xué)位。內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)教授、副校長。20年代，首先發(fā)現(xiàn)光合作用的“瞬間效應(yīng)”；30年代在燕麥胚芽向光性的研究中，發(fā)現(xiàn)植物生長素、并觀察到去尖后的芽鞘上端可再生形成生理尖端，揭示了植物組織間的相互制約關(guān)系與補償功能；在我國率先開展植物生態(tài)學(xué)和地植物學(xué)的研究與教學(xué)工作，在北京大學(xué)創(chuàng)建了我國第一個植物生態(tài)學(xué)專門組，后移植到內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)；參加了海南島橡膠宜林區(qū)、黃河中游水土保持、呼倫貝爾草原、黑龍江薩爾圖地區(qū)等考察工作，為生產(chǎn)實踐提供了科協(xié)依據(jù)和許多有價值的建議；培養(yǎng)了一批植物學(xué)人才，有不少學(xué)生都已成為著名的科學(xué)家。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Botanist and ecologist. Born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province.Graduated from Nanjing Jinling University in 1921. Received MS and Ph. D. in forest scinences from Yale University, USA in 1923 and 1925,respectively. Professor and vice president, Nei Mongol University.

Li Was the first to find the “instant effect” of photosynthesis in the 1920s. He discovered the phototropism of the oat plumula in the 1930s.He found the plant auxin and observed that the physiological apex could be regenerated from the top of the bud scale,of which,the nib had been cut,demonstrating that there were interactions and compensative function in plant tissues.He first developed the research and teaching of plant ecology and geobotany in China.He established the first special research group of plant ecology in Peking University,which was later shifted to Nei Mongol University. He participated in field surveys on the suitable regions of rubber trees in Hainan Island and soil conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and inspected Hulunbeier grassland and Sartu Region in Heilongjiang Province.He provided a lot of scientific data,proposed many practically valuable advises and trained many botanists,some of whom have become wellknown scientists in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.