摘要:研究管道中影響焊接的剩磁的產(chǎn)生機理,選用直流線圈消磁方法,通過多級調(diào)節(jié)反向消磁電流實現(xiàn)剩磁的消除。已有消磁儀有諸多使用上的不方便,新型退磁儀采用閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)來控制儀器,通過傳感器采集檢測數(shù)據(jù)反饋給智能控制單元實現(xiàn)閉環(huán)控制,不同階段采用不同的仿人智能算法實現(xiàn)模糊控制。通過程序控制電流,使得消磁線圈磁場強度變化,達(dá)到智能消磁的目的。
關(guān)鍵詞:管道焊接,消磁,閉環(huán)控制,仿人智能控制
中國圖書分類號:TH69
The intelligent realization of New demagnetization instrument
for Long-distance pipeline based HSIC
ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Chang-mao,SUN Tie
(Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology , fushun 113001,China)
Abstract:Research the formation mechanisms of residual magnetism in the pipe welding, choose DC coil degaussing method, through multistage adjust reverse degaussing current realize residual magnetism elimination. There are many inconvenient factors of existing degaussing instruments in use, new demagnetization instrument adopts closed loop control system to control instruments, through the sensors to collect inspection data feedback to intelligent control unit to realize closed loop control, different steps using HSIC algorithm to realize fuzzy control. Through the program control the degaussing current to change the magnetic field intensity of degaussing coil changes to achieve the purpose of intelligent demagnetization.
Key words: Pipe welding, Demagnetization, Closed-loop control, HSIC
0. 引言
在長輸管道焊接時經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)磁偏吹現(xiàn)象,此現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生是由于金屬管道內(nèi)存在剩磁。在焊接存在剩磁的鋼管時,電弧在磁場作用下出現(xiàn)偏移等現(xiàn)象影響焊接質(zhì)量。為了去除這些不利影響,改善焊接質(zhì)量,在焊接前要對磁化的鋼管進(jìn)行消磁,剩磁量不足以影響焊接質(zhì)量時可以進(jìn)行焊接。現(xiàn)在市場上已有的退磁機一般都是開環(huán)控制,開環(huán)控制需要工人具有專業(yè)知識進(jìn)行專家操作。新型退磁儀相比常規(guī)退磁儀更加智能化,通過閉環(huán)控制來實現(xiàn)智能化,通過實時測磁傳感器對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實時反饋,實時控制消磁磁場的強度。
1.剩磁消磁機理
根據(jù)B—H磁滯回線(如圖1),加反向磁場可使剩余磁感應(yīng)強度Br減小,當(dāng)反向磁場場強的量值達(dá)到為矯頑力Hc時,剩余磁感應(yīng)強度Br減小為零。因此,可利用永磁鐵或電磁鐵、直流線圈或交流線圈產(chǎn)生反向磁場的方法消減管道剩磁。
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