奉小憂,曾清如,皮荷杰,王文,孫毓臨,張偉華,廖建宇
湖南農業大學資源環境學院,長沙410128
3種硝化抑制劑對小麥幼苗生長毒性的比較
奉小憂,曾清如*,皮荷杰,王文,孫毓臨,張偉華,廖建宇
湖南農業大學資源環境學院,長沙410128
在土壤(山西土)中加入不同種類、不同濃度的硝化抑制劑(氫醌、硫脲、雙氰胺),研究了其對小麥發芽勢、發芽率和幼苗生長的影響.結果表明:雙氰胺對小麥發芽勢和發芽率的抑制作用不明顯,硫脲對小麥發芽勢和發芽率有一定的抑制作用,而氫醌對小麥發芽勢和發芽率抑制明顯;雙氰胺和氫醌對小麥幼苗生長的影響不大,而硫脲能顯著降低小麥幼苗的根長、莖長、根重和莖重;雙氰胺對小麥種子和幼苗毒性相對較小,硫脲毒性相對較大,小麥的根重、莖重和根伸長可以作為硫脲對小麥危害的敏感指標.
硝化抑制劑;發芽率;小麥;抑制率
Abstract: Laboratory investigations were conducted to study the influence of threetypesofnitrification inhibitors(hydroquinone,thiourea and dicyandiamide)on seed germination and growth of wheat.Results showed that dicyandiamide had little effect on seed germination while thiourea inhibited the seed germination to a certain extent,and hydroquinone retarded the germination of wheat seeds significantly.The pot experiment indicated that hydroquinone and dicyandiamide had little influence on wheat growth while thiourea could reduce length and strength of root and stem significantly. Hydroquinone had low toxicity to seed germination and growth of wheat,while thiourea demonstrated high toxicity.The root length,height and stem height could be used as the sensitive indexes of effects of thiourea on wheat.
Keywords:nitrification inhibitor;seed germination;wheat;inhibition rate
氮肥對農業生產十分重要,但普通氮肥也有兩個不可忽視的缺點,一是肥效過猛,所以施肥必須少量多次;二是損失嚴重,即使精心管理,普通氮肥的利用率也一般只有50%~70%左右(許超等,2004).為了克服氮肥的上述缺點,許多國家已著手使用硝化抑制劑(Nitrification inhibitor),即氮肥增效劑.研究表明,從土壤中氮素的生物化學轉化過程入手,通過硝化抑制劑的施用來調控氮素轉化,減緩硝化過程,是實現氮肥高效利用的有效手段(陳振華等,2005;Clough et al.,2007;Moir et al.,2007);此外,在減少硝酸鹽淋溶損失和氮氧化物排放方面,硝化抑制劑也具……