8種常見(jiàn)農(nóng)藥對(duì)海膽胚胎各發(fā)育期的急性毒性

李嬌，王姮，韓昭衡，石生寶，王永華，丁君

大連海洋大學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)部海洋水產(chǎn)增養(yǎng)殖學(xué)與生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室，大連116023

8種常見(jiàn)農(nóng)藥對(duì)海膽胚胎各發(fā)育期的急性毒性

李嬌，王姮，韓昭衡，石生寶，王永華，丁君*

大連海洋大學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)部海洋水產(chǎn)增養(yǎng)殖學(xué)與生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室，大連116023

為初步探討農(nóng)藥對(duì)海膽胚胎的急性毒性效應(yīng)，以蝦夷馬糞海膽（Strongylocentyotus internedius）為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料，研究了 8種常見(jiàn)農(nóng)藥——草甘膦（Glyphosate）、百草枯（Paraquat）、異菌脲（Iprodione）、代森錳鋅（Mancozeb）、三唑醇（Triadimenol）、霜霉威（Propamocarb）、百菌清（Chlorothalonil）和速克靈（Procymidone）對(duì)海膽胚胎各發(fā)育期（二細(xì)胞期、四細(xì)胞期、上浮囊胚期、原腸期、棱柱幼體期、四腕幼蟲期）的半數(shù)效應(yīng)濃度（EC50），并分析了正辛醇/水分配系數(shù)（LogP）與EC50的關(guān)系.結(jié)果顯示：1）8種農(nóng)藥對(duì)海膽胚胎各發(fā)育期均具有一定的急性毒性，以四腕幼蟲期為例，8種農(nóng)藥的EC50值分別為草甘膦（3.99mg·L-1）＞百草枯（10.38mg·L-1）＞代森錳鋅（20.77mg·L-1）＞速克靈（55.42mg·L-1）＞霜霉威（56.09mg·L-1）＞異菌脲（86.29mg·L-1）＞三唑醇（273.20mg·L-1）＞百菌清（647.38mg·L-1）.2）LogP與EC50呈現(xiàn)一定的正相關(guān)性，即隨著LogP的增加，各農(nóng)藥對(duì)海膽胚胎的抑制率逐漸降低.

農(nóng)藥；蝦夷馬糞海膽；胚胎發(fā)育；毒性影響

Received 10 December 2009 accepted 16 January 2010

Abstract：Toxic effects of commonly used eight pesticides（Glyphosate,Paraquat,Iprodione,Mancozeb,Triadimenol, Propamocarb,Daconil and Sumilex）on the embryo development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius were evaluated in this work.Toxicity was quantified in terms of the EC50（median effective concentration）on the six early developmental stages of sea urchin embryo（2-cell,4-cell,blastula,gastrula,prism,and 4-arm pluteus）.Then the concentration—response curves for each pesticide and the relationship between octanol/water partition coefficient（logP）and EC50of each embryonic development stage were surveyed and analysed.Results showed that 1）all the eight pesticides had toxic effects on the whole embryo development,comparing the EC50values of each pescide at the 4-arm pluteus stage, they were ranked in decreasing order of toxicity EC50as follows:Glyphosate（3.99mg·L-1）＞Paraquat（10.38mg·L-1）＞Mancozeb（20.77mg·L-1）＞Procymidone（55.42mg·L-1）＞Propamocarb（56.09mg·L-1）＞Iprodione（86.29mg·L-1）＞Triadimenol（273.20mg·L-1）＞Chlorothalonil（647.38mg·L-1）.2）There was a positive correlation between the LogP and EC50of each stage,i.e.as the value of logP increasing,the inhibition rate of the pesticides on the embryos decreased.

Keywords：pesticide；Strongylocentyotus internedius；embryo development；toxicity

1 引言（Introduction）

隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，近年來(lái)農(nóng)藥的用量不斷增加.農(nóng)藥在殺滅病蟲害、提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的同時(shí)也會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染.研究表明，農(nóng)藥可直接或間接危害人類和其他生物健康，對(duì)生殖系統(tǒng)和胚胎發(fā)育具有顯著影響（Manzo et al.,2005）.海洋處于地球的最低處，陸地上的各種污染物最終都將進(jìn)入海洋（劉維屏，2006）.農(nóng)藥可通過(guò)河流、降水、地下水等多種途徑進(jìn)入海洋，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致浮游動(dòng)、植……