一般現(xiàn)在時“過三關(guān)”

毛明富

[第一關(guān)] 一般現(xiàn)在時的定義

一般現(xiàn)在時主要表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作,也可表示現(xiàn)在的一段時間內(nèi)存在的狀態(tài)。它常常與often(經(jīng)常), usually(通常), sometimes(有時), every day, in the morning(afternoon, evening)等時間狀語連用。例如:

I often go swimming at the weekend. 我周末經(jīng)常去游泳。

We speak English every day. 我們每天講英語。

They play football in the afternoon. 他們下午踢足球。

[第二關(guān)] 一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成

1. 動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時。動詞be在一般現(xiàn)在時中有三種形式,即am, is, are。第一人稱單數(shù)用am, 第三人稱單數(shù)用is, 其余各人稱一律用are。例如:

I am on duty today. 今天我值日。

She is a student. 她是個學(xué)生。

They are from Canada. 他們來自加拿大。

2. 動詞have的一般現(xiàn)在時。除第三人稱單數(shù)用has外,其它人稱用have。例如:

He has a computer. 他有一臺電腦。

We have some new books. 我們有一些新書。

3. 行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。除第三人稱單數(shù)在動詞原形后面加-s或-es外,其余各人稱用動詞原形。例如:

He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。

My brother enjoys playing basketball after school. 我哥哥放學(xué)后喜歡打籃球。

We study hard for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣衽W(xué)習(xí)。

[第三關(guān)] 一般現(xiàn)在時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1. be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時, 直接在三種形式am, is, are之后加not構(gòu)成否定句。其中is, are可與not縮寫成isnt, arent(但am not不能縮寫成amnt)。一般疑問句將am, is或are提前到句首,句末用問號。例如:

He is from New York. →

否定句:He is not(isnt) from New York.

一般疑問句:Is he from New York?

2. 行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。

(1)否定句的構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,在主語之后,謂語動詞之前加doesnt,原句中的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的動詞需改為動詞原形。當(dāng)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時,在謂語動詞前加dont構(gòu)成否定式。例如:

John speaks English. →John doesnt speak English.

They live in Mexico City. →They dont live in Mexico City.

(2)一般疑問句的構(gòu)成及回答。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,在句首加Does,同時把句中的謂語動詞改為原形。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Does+第三人稱單數(shù)主語+動詞原形+其它成分?”,肯定回答用“Yes,主語+does.”,否定回答用“No,主語+doesnt.”。例如:

She often goes to the library.→

Does she often go to the library? 肯定回答:Yes, she does./否定回答:No, she doesnt.

當(dāng)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時,在句首加Do構(gòu)成一般疑問句。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Do+非第三人稱單數(shù)主語+動詞原形+其它成分?”,肯定回答為“Yes, 主語+do.”;否定回答為“No, 主語+dont.”。例如:

They often go to the cinema. →Do they often go to the cinema?

肯定回答:Yes, they do./否定回答:No, they dont.

[小試牛刀]

一、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. Betty and Mary ____(watch) TV every evening.

2. Bill ____(like) French fries.

3. Where ____( be) the strawberries?

4. My backpack ____(be) on the sofa.

5. Tom ____(play) basketball in the afternoon.

二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句。

1. I know the girl in red. (改為否定句)

I ____ ____the girl in red.

2. Uncle Wang has a new computer. (改為一般疑問句)

____ Uncle Wang ____a new computer?

3. Jack has a soccer ball. (改為否定句)

Jack ____ ____a soccer ball.

4. Bob likes hamburgers. (改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)

____ Bob ____hamburgers?

____, ____ ____.

5. Li Lei does his homework in the evening. (改為否定句)

Li Lei ____ ____ his homework in the evening.

[Key:一、1.watch 2.likes 3.are 4.is 5.plays二、1.dont know 2.Does; have 3.doesnt have 4.Does; like; No; he doesnt 5.doesnt do]