名詞性從句六注意

白 虹

名詞性從句是學生學習中的重點和難點,這里簡要介紹一下需注意的有關問題。

(一)不可多that

在同一個從句中的who, whom, which, what, how, when, where, if等詞之前,不可再用that。

He doesnt know that when they arrived here. (去掉that)

(二)不可少that

引導名詞性從句的that在下列情況下不可省略:①賓語從句被分隔時;②賓語從句不止一個時;③引導主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時。

1. I dont doubt, in any case, he keeps his word. (he前加that)

2. I could see what was happening and Tom was nearly frightened. (and后加that)

3. She is still alive is a relief. (句首加That)

4. My idea is we should act on his suggestion. (is后加that)

5. We heard the news our team had won. (news后加that)

(三)that與what的用法

that沒有意義,只起引導作用,不作成分;what為“……的東西/事物”,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓補。

1. ____ we cant get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

2. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect certain culture differences.

A. WhatB. That C. ThisD. Which

3. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ____ it is today.

A. which .B. that C. whatD. how

4. The word media basically refers to ____ we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.

A. which B. what C. why D. that

(四)區分that, because和why

有些名詞如reason, cause作句子主語時,其后的表語從句常用 that引導,不用because;because引導表語從句時用于句型Thats because…,說明產生上述結果的原因;why引導從句時說明由上述原因導致的必然結果。

1. The reason for her absence was because she was ill. (because→that)

2. I was late for school this morning. Thats why I stayed up too late last night. (why→because)

(五)區分that, if, whether

1.在doubt后面的賓語或同位語從句中,肯定句常跟whether或if引導的從句;否定句常跟that引導的從句。

I doubt that that was what he wanted. (第一個that→if/whether)

2.if和whether

用whether不用if的情況:

①引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時;②在介詞后引導賓語從句時;③后面直接跟動詞不定式時;④后面緊跟or not時。

1. ____ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

2. It all depends on ____ they will support us.

A. whether B. what C. if D. that

3. He doesnt know ____ to stay or not.

A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will

4. We didnt know ____ or not she was ready.

A. if B. what C. that D. whether

(六)語序(用陳述語序)

When will the meeting start is unknown to all. (will the meeting→the meeting will)