摘 要:在簡(jiǎn)要介紹地日運(yùn)行規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了視日運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤法的計(jì)算模型及跟蹤裝置的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)。采用FPGA芯片XC3S1500為處理器,以步進(jìn)電機(jī)為執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),采用Verilog語言設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高度角-方位角太陽跟蹤系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的要求建立了計(jì)時(shí)模塊、太陽高度角方位角計(jì)算模塊、日出日落時(shí)間計(jì)算模塊和步進(jìn)電機(jī)脈沖控制模塊。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試該系統(tǒng)能夠達(dá)到預(yù)期的性能指標(biāo),對(duì)提高太陽能的利用率具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
關(guān)鍵詞:太陽跟蹤; FPGA; 步進(jìn)電機(jī); Verilog
中圖分類號(hào):TP274 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1004-373X(2010)13-0174-03
Design and Realization of Automatic Solar-tracker Based on FPGA
QI Hui,TIAN Wei-juan
(College of Electronic Information and Control Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China)
Abstract: The computational model of the sun tracking system and the mechanical structure of tracking devices are constructed based on the operating law between sun and moon is introduced. An altitude-azimuth sun tracking system was designed by Verilog and using FPGA as microprocessor, the step motor as the executing agency. The timing module, solar altitude and azimuth calculation module, sunrise and sunset time calculation module and step motor pulse control module were built according to the requirement of the system. Experiments show that the sun tracking system can achieve the expected performance index, and has a great practical value for improving the utilization of solar energy.
Keywords:sun tracking; FPGA; step motor; Verilog
0 引 言
太陽能是一種清潔無污染的能源,取之不盡,用之不竭,發(fā)展前景廣闊。但是太陽能具有間歇性及強(qiáng)度和方向不確定的特點(diǎn),給太陽能的收集帶來了一定困難。采用太陽跟蹤裝置可以使太陽光線始終與接收面保持垂直,提高太陽能設(shè)備的能量接收效率,從而提高太陽能利用率。
本設(shè)計(jì)采用傳統(tǒng)的視日運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤法,利用Xilinx公司提供的FPGA開發(fā)環(huán)境ISE,設(shè)計(jì)完成了基于XC3S1500開發(fā)板的太陽能自動(dòng)跟蹤系統(tǒng),以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)太陽的全天候、全自動(dòng)、實(shí)時(shí)精確控制。
1 視日運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤法
視日運(yùn)動(dòng)跟蹤法是根據(jù)地日運(yùn)行軌跡,采用赤道坐標(biāo)系或地平坐標(biāo)系描述太陽相對(duì)地球的位置。一般在雙軸跟蹤中極軸式跟蹤采用赤道坐標(biāo)系,高度角-方位角式跟蹤采用地平坐標(biāo)系。
1.1 極軸式跟蹤
赤道坐標(biāo)系是人在地球以外的宇宙空間里,觀測(cè)太陽相對(duì)于地球的位置。這時(shí)太陽位置是相對(duì)于赤道平面而言,用赤緯角和時(shí)角這兩個(gè)坐標(biāo)表示?!?br>