

摘要:以盛果期雪花梨花粉為試材,通過對冷藏0~8年花粉發芽率的測定,研究了低溫冷藏不同年份對雪花梨花粉生活力的影響。結果表明:冷藏1~3年的花粉發芽率與新采花粉無顯著性差異,而冷藏4~5年的花粉,其發芽率降低程度與新采花粉有明顯差異。冷藏6~8年的花粉在發芽率上,與新采花粉的發芽率有顯著降低。通過冷藏后常溫下不同保存時間對花粉生活力研究表明,其發芽率隨著冷藏時間的延長而下降。干燥的雪花梨花粉可以在-20℃低溫條件下冷藏8年,常溫下使用的時間最好在24 h之內。
關鍵詞:雪花梨;花粉;生活力
中圖分類號:S661.2文獻標識碼:ADOI編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.06.005
Effects of Pollen Viability of 'Xuehua' Pear by Lower Temperature Storage
FENG She-zhang, GAO Zhao-quan
(Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China)
Abstract:Effects on 'Xuehua' pear Pollen viability on the low-temperature refrigeration in different years by testing the rate of pollen germination stored for 0 ~ 8 years was studied in this paper. The results showed that there was no significant difference in pollen germination rate between refrigerated 1~3 years and the new pollen, while there were significant differences in pollen germination rate between the refrigerated 4~5 years and the new pollen. Pollen germination rate reduced significantly in the frozen 6~8 years compared with the new. After testing the refrigerated pollen viability at different ambient temperatures, the studies have shown that the germination rate declined with the extension of cold storage time. As we can see, dried 'Xuehua' pear pollen can be refrigerated -20 ℃ for eight years while can be used at room temperature within 24 hours.
Key words: 'Xuehua' pear; pollen; viability.
梨多數品種為自花不實,為保證正常的坐果率,需要其它品種的花粉來授粉[1]。在梨樹生產中時常出現授粉品種與主栽品種花期不遇、授粉品種小年、授粉品種配置過少等現象。采用低溫冷藏的方法保存花粉能夠大大提高花粉的生活力[2-4],在保證花粉具有較高生活力的前提下,可以緩解由于當年花粉采集時間較短對梨樹生產上造成的授粉花粉緊缺,坐果率降低的問題。近幾年,在不少技術較高的梨產區,對栽培品種大量進行人工輔助授粉,也增加了梨樹花粉的需求量。貯藏后花粉的生活力是花粉能否使用的前提,目前這方面的研究較少,特別是缺乏對貯藏多年后花粉活力的研究。筆者根據8年的試驗觀測,對低溫冷藏0~8年后花粉的生活力進行了系統研究。
1材料和方法
1.1試驗材料
試驗……