硫\\硒對紫花苜蓿產量的影響

摘要：在盆栽條件下施用硒、硫肥料，研究硒、硫對苜蓿葉綠素含量和干物質的影響，試驗采用單施硫肥、單施硒肥和硒硫互作3種方法找出最佳施肥方案，為優質牧草提供科學的施肥方法。結果表明：單施硫肥時，施肥量為S 80 mg·kg-1時植株含硫量最高，再增加硫肥的施用量，植株硫含量下降。施硫量為S 40 mg·kg-1時干物質積累最多，但植株中的葉綠素含量隨施硫水平變化卻不明顯。硒用量對植株的干物質影響不明顯，而葉綠素隨著硒量的增加而增加，硒量為Se 3.0 mg·kg-1時苜蓿葉綠素含量最高。硒硫元素互作表明，施硫量過多或過少都不利于植株中的硒積累，而S 20 mg·kg-1+Se 1.5 mg·kg-1處理植株的硒含量最高，隨施硫量的增加植株中硒的積累量變少。施肥處理為S 40 mg·kg-1＋Se 1.5 mg·kg-1時植株的干物質積累最大，其綜合表現也為最佳。

關鍵詞：硒；硫；紫花苜蓿；相互作用

中圖分類號：S551+.7文獻標識碼：ADOI編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.06.015

Effect of Sulfur and Selenium on the Yield of Alfalfa

CHI Feng-qin， ZHANG Jiu-ming， GAO Zhong-chao， SU Qing-rui， KUANG En-jun

(Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition in Heilongjiang Province， Soil and Fertilizer and Environmental Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Haerbin，Heilongjiang 150069， China)

Abstract：Under the conditions of application of selenium and sulfur fertilizers in potted plants， the effect of selenium and sulfur on the content of chlorophyll and day matter in alfalfa was studied. Test was done with single application of sulfur or selenium fertilizer and interaction of Se and S to find out the best fertilizing program and to provide a scientific method of fertilization to quality forage. The results showed that: When fertilized S was 80 mg·kg-1，the content of sulfur was the maximum in plant， but increasing the sulfur fertilizer application rate， sulfur content decreased. Sulfur level was 40 mg·kg-1，the accumulation of dry matter was maximum， the change of chlorophyll content in plants was not significantly with the effect of sulfur levels. Se dosage had no obvious effect on dry matter， but chlorophyll content in plant was increased with increasing selenium，chlorophyll content was the maximum in alfalfa with selenium content of 3.0 mg·kg-1. The interaction of selenium and sulfur showed that， excess or deficiency of sulfur level were both go against the accumulation of selenium in plants， when fertilizing the plants S 20 mg·kg-1 + Se 1.5 mg·kg-1， selenium content was the highest， with the increase of sulfur level， the accumulation of selenium decreased. Fertilization for S 40 mg·kg-1 + Se 1.5 mg·kg-1 dry matter accumulation was the maximum， its comprehensive performance was the best.

Key words: selenium；sulfur；alfalfa；interaction

硫被認為是植物生長必需的四大營養元素之一，僅次于N、P、K，植物缺硫將妨礙蛋白質的合成，對豆科植物的根瘤和固氮作用有不利影響。嚴重缺硫時，蛋白質合成速度的降低超過固氮速率的降低，導致非蛋白質的積累(Spencer，1975)。土壤中硫含量過低，將導致植物的正常生理活動受阻、代謝紊亂，甚至枯萎死亡，最后導致生態系統破壞，平衡失調。在硫素缺乏的地區，施用硫肥不僅能提高作物或牧草的產量，并能改善其品質。硒是人體必需的微量元素之一，具有抗癌防衰的作用，給人體補充適量硒可增強人體的免疫功能[1]。由于無機硒酸鹽有毒性，目前常采用土壤施硒或農作物葉面噴硒，使無機硒轉化為有機硒，通過糧食作物或牧草進入食物鏈，以供人或動物利用?！?br>