我國城市圖書館多元供給的困境分析

[摘 要]以公共物品的視角分析我國城市圖書館由單一供給體制向多元供給體制轉變的原因，發現城市圖書館在多元化供給中存在公益性與盈利性的矛盾，政府與市場供給邊界模糊;協調機制缺失，重復建設嚴重;多元化供給中政府的職責不明確等問題，提出在城市圖書館多元供給中，政府應完善相關法律法規，為各供給主體進入城市圖書館領域創造條件;構建合理的交流合作機制;厘清多元化供給中各供給主體之間的關系;政府角色重新定位等對策以促進城市圖書館的健康發展。

[關鍵詞]準公共物品;城市圖書館;多元化;對策

[中圖分類號]G251 [文獻標識碼]C [文章編號]1008-0821(2010)04-0093-04

Analysis on the Dilemma of Multi-institutional

Supply in our Countrys Urban Libraries

——From the Perspective of Public GoodsWang Chunlan Zhang Chao

(Trade and Administration Institute，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China)

[Abstract]This paper analyzed the reason that the single-supply system changes into the multi-institutional supply in our urban libraries from the perspective of public goods.It found that urban libraries in multi-institutional supply had lots of problem，such as supply boundary ambiguity，serious overlapping，unclear relations and duties in each supplying subject.In order to solve these problems，this paper suggested that in multi-institutional supply，the government should improve the related order and law and provide the conveniences for each supplying subjects to get into this area， and set a reasonable communication system.Besides，the government should clarify the relations among the supplying subjects，as well as repositioning the role of government so as to accelerate the development of urban libraries.

[Keywords]quasi-public goods;urban libraries;diversity;countermeasure

1 準公共物品與圖書館產品性質界定按照經濟學家薩謬爾森(Samuelson)的定義，私人物品是指只有獲取某種物品的人才能消費這種物品，或者說，私人物品一旦被消費或使用就不可能再被他人所用。它們是排他的、具有很強競爭性的物品。而公共物品則是指任何一個人對某種物品的消費不會減少別人對其消費的物品，即只要一定數量的純公共物品被生產出來或被提供，社會的所有成員都可以對其消費的物品，具有消費的非排他性和非競爭性。準公共物品是指介于公共物品和私人物品之間的商品，也稱混合物品。準公共物品是只滿足非排他性和非競爭性之一的物品。根據這兩種特性，準公共物品又可分為兩類:擁擠性公共物品和價格排他性公共物品，前者指消費者人數達到一定規模后，消費者在消費時具有擁擠性(競爭性)的公共物品;后者是指在效用上可以定價，在技術上可以實現排他的公共物品。……