替代詞so與ｎot

so與not常可作分句的替代詞，代表前面已經出現過的分句的一部分或整個分句，以避免重復。not代表否定，so代表肯定。使用分句替代詞so和not的情況通常有下面幾種:

1. 一些表示婉轉口氣的詞語(think， suppose， expect， guess， hope， be afraid， believe等)與so/not搭配。如:

—Is it going to rain tomorrow?

—I’m afraid so.

——明天會下雨嗎?

——恐怕會下雨。

(so=that it is going to rain tomorrow)

—Aren’t you going to get there on time?

—No. I suppose not.

——難道你們不能及時到達那兒嗎?

——我想是的。

(not=that we are not going to get there on time)

注意(1)上述動詞與替代詞連用時，其否定形式有兩種，即:用動詞的否定形式加so，或用動詞直接加not，如:I don’t suppose/believe/guess/expect/so=I suppose/ believe/guess/expect not。但hope，be afraid和think只有一種形式，只能說I hope not/I’m afraid not，I don’t think so，不能說I don’t hope so/I’m not afraid so/I think not。

(2)一些表示肯定或懷疑口氣的詞語如be sure，doubt等后面不能用替代詞so/not。如:

—Is your friend coming to my birthday party?

—I’m sure she is./I doubt if she is.

——你朋友會來參加我的生日晚會嗎?

——我肯定她會/我不知道她是否來。

不能用:I’m sure so/not. 或I doubt so/not.回答。

2. say和tell后面用so，不能用that，一般表示說話的權威性或為什么應相信這些話。如:

The school supplied many books for the children. Mr Smith said so.

學校為孩子們提供了許多書，史密斯先生這么說的。(不能說said that)

—How do you know that he didn’t pass the examination?

—His teacher told me so. (不能說told me that)

——你怎么知道他考試沒及格呢?

——他老師告訴我的。

注意I told you so這一句子含有“我警告過你，但你不聽”之意。另外，其他表達性的動詞后面不能用so。如:

—Is he going to help you clean the classroom?

—Yes， he promised to(不能說promised so).

3. so放在答語的句首，表示“……也一樣;……確實如此”，用于肯定句;如果是否定句，則要用neither或nor，不能用not。這兩種情況均要用“so/neither/nor+ 系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語”結構。有下面幾種情況要注意:

(1)主語相同，而謂語不同。如:

—Do you know Bob was in hospital?

—I don’t know， nor do I care.

——你知道鮑伯住院的事嗎?

——我不知道，我也不關心此事。

(2)主語不同，而謂語部分相同。如:

He is good at English， and so am I.

他擅長英語，我也一樣。

(3)主語相同，動詞相同而時態不同。如:

I haven’t played computer games， and nor/neither will I.

我沒玩過電腦游戲，并且將來也不會玩。

(4)當前面句子中的主語屬于下列情況時，則要用句型so it is/was with...或it is/was the same with...來表達“……也一樣”。

① 兩個不同種類的動詞。如:

He sold drugs and was put into prison. So it was with his son.

他販賣毒品被抓進了監獄，他的兒子也一樣。

② 兩個動詞中一個是肯定形式，另一個是否定形式。如:

My daughter likes dancing but doesn’t like singing. It is the same with my wife.

我女兒喜歡跳舞但不喜歡唱歌，我妻子也一樣。

③ 動詞同類但時態不同。如:

Lucy grew up in New York but now lives in Beijing. So it is with Lily.

露西在紐約長大，但現在住在北京，莉莉也一樣。

(5)“so+主語+系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞”結構表示“說話人對前面的或對方所說的情況表示贊同或加以證實”，其意思為“……確實如此”。要注意與“so+系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語”結構的區別。如:

—You have dropped a word here.

—Oh， so I have.

——你這兒漏掉一個詞。

——喔，確實如此。

4. 與if搭配，構成無動詞條件分句if so/if not。如:

We are told that he will come tonight， and if so， our meeting will be held tomorrow. If not， there won’t be any meeting tomorrow.

有人告訴我們他今晚來，如果他來的話，我們明天開會，但如果他不來的話，明天就不開會。(if so=if he comes tonight;if not=if he doesn’t come tonight)

5. 分句替代詞not可以與why搭配，構成縮略疑問句why not。如:

—He didn’t come today.

—Why not(=Why didn’t he come)?

——他今天沒來。

——為什么沒來?

—I don’t know whether I go there or not.

—Why not(=Why won’t you go there)?

——我不知道我是否要去那兒?

——為什么不去?

6. 分句替代詞not可與perhaps， possibly， probably， certainly， surely等表示情態的副詞搭配，構成某些縮略句，而so不能。如:

—Will you spend your time and money in playing computer games?

—Certainly not(=Certainly I won’t do it).

——你愿意把你的時間和金錢花費在玩電腦游戲上嗎?

——當然不(愿意)。

鞏固練習

1. —John was born in the USA but grew up in London.

— _______.

A. So did IB. So it was with me

C. So I didD. So was I and so did I

2. —Are you going to our party?

— _______ .

A. I’m afraid notB. I’m not afraid so

C. I don’t hope soD. I think not

3. —Can he pass the final examination?

— _______.

A. I don’t believe itB. Believe it or not

C. Sorry， I believe he can’tD. I believe so

4. I’ll try to be there by 9:00， but_______， start the project without me. Is it OK?

A. if soB. even soC. if notD. even if

5. You say he works hard， _______and _______.

A. so you do; so he doesB. so does he; so do you

C. so do you; so does heD. so he does; so do you

6. —Will Mr Green attend the conference?

—Yes， _______.

A. he promised soB. he promised not

C. he promised toD. he didn’t promise so

7. —Don’t you think Jack’s health has been ruined by over drinking?

—Yes， he told me _______himself.

A. the thingB. soC. itD. the fact

8. —Does your sister intend to study German?

—Yes， she intends _______.

A. toB. /C. soD. that

9. —Who wants a ride on my bike?

—_______ .

A. Unless meB. Neither meC. If meD. Not me

10. —Did she write anything more after that?

—No. _______anything.

A. And she also didn’t readB. But she didn’t read

C. Nor did she readD. Neither she read

編輯/梁宇清

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