書面表達中的常見錯誤(上)

一、冠詞誤用

這是考生最容易犯錯誤的地方，復習備考時大家要熟練掌握冠詞的基本用法。例如:

原句Li Ming is an university student， who majors in English.

university雖然是以元音字母開頭，但其讀音卻是以輔音音素開頭，因此前面的不定冠詞應用a。

修改:Li Ming is a university student， who majors in English.

原句He is fond of the light music.

抽象名詞表示泛指概念時，用單數形式，不加冠詞。

修改:He is fond of light music.

二、代詞錯誤

要注意區別that、those、one、ones用來代替名詞時的不同特征;所用代詞是否與前面所指在人稱和數上保持一致。例如:

原句All in all， the farmer’s living standard is far better than the one in the past.

one只用來代替前面的可數名詞單數、that用來代替前面的可數名詞單數或不可數名詞以避免重復，句中的living standard是不可數名詞。

修改:All in all， the farmer’s living standard is far better than that in the past.

原句Last but not least， surfing the Internet for useful information helps the students to do well in his study.

此句中，his與前面的“the students”不一致。

修改:Last but not least， surfing the Internet for useful information helps the students to do well in their study.

三、數詞錯誤

主要體現在一些含有數詞的短語的誤用方面。例如:

原句Several millions people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.

hundred、thousand、million和具體數字或several等詞連用時，要用單數形式，它們的復數形式則是構成固定短語:

hundreds of...(成百上千的……)， thousands of...(成千上萬的……)， millions of...(數百萬的……)

修改:Several million people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.

原句He was a talented and imaginative writer in his thirty.

“在某人三十多歲時”應用in one’s thirties。

修改:He was a talented and imaginative writer in his thirties.

四、動詞誤用

主要體現在區分不清動詞為及物動詞還是不及物動詞以及受漢語的影響錯用動詞。例如:

原句We will also try our best to rise money for the wildlife protection project.

rise是不及物動詞;表示“籌集(資金)”應用及物動詞raise，raise money for...“為……籌集(資金)”。

修改:We will also try our best to raise money for the wildlife protection project.

原句She was in such a hurry that she forgot her purse in the shopping basket as she was leaving the store.

英語中“把某物忘在某處”應用動詞leave和地點狀語連用。例如:I left my purse in the office. 我把錢包忘在辦公室了。forget表示“忘記帶(或買)”。例如:I forgot my key. 我忘記帶鑰匙了。

修改:She was in such a hurry that she left her purse in the shopping basket as she was leaving the store.

五、非謂語動詞使用錯誤

主要體現在將非謂語動詞用作謂語、使用非謂語動詞作狀語時沒有考慮到它的邏輯主語應與句子的主語一致及表達意思混亂等方面。例如:

原句Abraham Lincoln， a man of little education， grown up in a poor family.

grown up是過去分詞形式，此句中應用一般過去時作謂語。

修改:Abraham Lincoln， a man of little education， grew up in a poor family.

原句He often helps me with my English so as to pass the exam.

該句是使用不定式作目的狀語的最典型錯誤。表面上好像考慮了不定式的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致，但卻沒有到位，表達的意思混亂、錯誤。

修改:He often helps me with my English so as to/in order to/to enable me to pass the exam.

或:He often helps me with my English in order that/so that I can pass the exam.

六、介詞錯用

主要體現在一些介詞搭配使用上的錯誤。例如:

原句I read about an ad on the newspaper that a part-time typist is wanted by your company.

“在報上”應用介詞in，而不是on。

修改:I read about an ad in the newspaper that a part-time typist is wanted by your company.

原句Xiao Ming found a wallet on the ground in the entrance at the cinema.

“在……的入口處”應該使用“at the entrance to...”。

修改:Xiao Ming found a wallet on the ground at the entrance to the cinema.

七、詞性錯誤

主要體現在將動詞當名詞用;形容詞、名詞混用;形容詞、副詞混用等方面。例如:

原句Madame Curie gained her succeed by hard work.

此句中將“成功”的動詞形式succeed誤用為名詞，“成功”的名詞形式應用success。

修改:Madame Curie gained her success by hard work.

原句Yesterday afternoon Professor Li gave us a talk on the English study， which had much worth listening to.

表示“值得……”不用名詞worth，而用形容詞worth構成短語be worth + 名詞或動名詞(主動式)，“非常值得……”則用be well worth...

修改:Yesterday afternoon Professor Li gave us a talk on the English study， which was well worth listening to.

編輯/梁宇清