護理人員與精神病患者接觸及溝通技巧

[摘要] 精神病患者是一個特殊的群體，精神科護士與患者接觸最多、最密切，接觸精神病人并巧妙的與之溝通是精神科護士工作的第一步，是精神科護理的基本技能之一。在臨床護理工作中只有科學地運用一定的技巧去接觸病人并巧妙的與之溝通，才能充分地掌握病情，了解患者的心理特點，針對性的實施護理措施。提高患者的治療依從性，確保患者早日康復。近幾年來，我們以同情、理解的方式接觸病人，用親切和藹的態度贏得病人的信賴。同時利用肢體語言、暗示性語言，傳遞我們的溫暖和關愛。使護患融洽的和諧接觸與溝通，從而建立良好的、健康的護患關系，促進了患者早日康復。

[關鍵詞] 精神病患者;溝通技巧

[中圖分類號] R473.74[文獻標識碼] A[文章編號] 1004-8650(2009)09-015-03

Contact and communication skills betweeen nursing staff and psychiatric patients

Sun guilan

(Department of Nursing， the Second Mental Health Center of the People's Hospital of Dezhou City， Shandong 253022)

[Abstract] Psychiatric patients is a special group， psychiatric nurses are the largest， most closely contract with patients ，contract with the psychiatric patients and clever communication with them is the first step in the work of psychiatric nurses， and one of the basic skills of psychiatric nursing. During the work of clinical care， only using a certain degree of scientific techniques and reach out with the patients and clever communication with them can fully grasp and understand the psychological characteristics of patients， targeted measures for the implementation of care， improve the treatment compliance of patients and ensure that patients recover speedyly. Inrecent years， we contract with the patients with sympathy and understanding ways， achieve the trust of patients with a cordial and amiable attitude. At the same time， the use of body language and suggestive language， we convey our warmth and love， make nurses and patients contact and communicate harmoniously， so as establish good， healthy nurse-patient relationship， and promote an early recovery of patients.

[Key Words] psychiatric patients;communication skills

精神病人的主要異常表現為意識、認知、情感、思維和意志行為等障礙，表現為興奮、遲滯及緊張性行為或各種幻覺、妄想。人際交往與溝通的能力等存在缺陷甚至喪失。這就需要醫護人員充分運用相關的科學知識主動的和患者進行心理交流和語言的溝通。

1護患接觸的原則

護士在與患者接觸的過程中，要正確認識精神病患者的異常行為和言語，充分理解患者的痛苦，尊重患者的人格，以接納、容忍的態度面對患者的荒唐言行，以取得患者的信任、理解和尊重，為患者提供接受治療的信息，堅決執行保密制度，讓病人在住院期間感覺到安全、安心，消除患者的顧慮，使安心住院，積極配合治療。……