摘要:使用WiFi(Wireless Fidelity) IEEE 802.11b/g協議的無線局域網(WLAN)技術已經成為PC和筆記本電腦的標準而正在快速擴散到PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)和其它便攜式設備。與此同時,藍牙作為耳機,麥克風連到各種個樣的無線設備的串口線的替代品已經越來越普遍。這兩種無線協議都工作于2.40至2.48GHz ISM(工業,科學和醫療)射頻帶。WiFi使用12個帶寬為22MHz重疊的頻道其中一個,而藍在帶寬為79MHz范圍跳頻[3]。因此,無論WiFi正在使用哪個頻道兩個系統間會存在互相干擾和共存的問題導致數據吞吐量的降低。實現IEEE802.11 WLAN協議的設使用FEC(Foward Error Correction)糾錯技術來減輕于其它無線網的干擾。在該文中,我們將對RS(Reed Solomon)編碼與BS(Binary Convolutional) 編碼使用于解決WLAN于BT共存問題的相對有效性進行一個調查并作出結論。
關鍵詞:無線局域網;藍牙;RS;BS;干擾;共存
中圖分類號:TP393文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1009-3044(2009)14-3635-01
An Analysis of the Coexistence Problem between Bluetooth and IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks
Chiphazi Banda
(South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China)
Abstract: WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) devices that implement the Wifi(Wireless Fidelity) IEEE802.11b/g protocol have already become standard additions to Desktop and Laptop computers and are spreading to Personal Digital Assistants(PDA) and other portable devices at a rapid rate. At the same time, ear phones and microphones that use BT(Bluetooth) as a wireless replacement for the serial cable when connecting to all sorts of wireless devices are becoming increasingly common.These two wireless protocols both operate in the 2.4-2.48GHz ISM(Industrial, Scientific Medical) radio frequency band. WiFi uses one of 12 overlapping frequency bands each of having a bandwidth of 22MHz whereas BT frequency hops over a 79MHz band. Regardless of which channel currently being used by WiFi, there is a chance of mutual interference between the WiFi network and the BT network and this in turn can lead to a drop in the throughput of both systems. IEEE802.11. WLAN employs Forward Error Correction(FEC) codes to mitigate the effects of interference from other systems. In this paper we examine the relative effectiveness of using RS(Reed Solomon) coding versus BS(Binary Convolutional) coding in addressing the problem of BT and WiFi coexistence.
Key words: WLAN; bluetooth; reed solomon; binary convolutional; interference; mitigation
1 引言
WLAN和BT共存問題產生了大量的研究和電子工程業的興趣。不同的解決方案被提出,例如在文獻[1]有4種不同的解決方案被建議:
1) 自適應分割而動態調整WLAN數據包大小以便盡量減少與BT的網絡時間碰撞的機會;
2) Adaptive Frequency Hopping(AFH) 或自適應跳頻)用于減小WLAN與BT頻率碰撞的機會;
3) 第3層流控制,修改WLAN驅動程序使能快速切換而實現時間分享;
4) MAC層的協調,讓WLAN與BT的MAC層交換信令以便分享時間。所有這些方案使用BS FEC編碼方案,但在文獻[2]建議使用RS作為前向糾錯方案。我們將用MATLAB進行仿真并對這兩種WLAN糾錯方案在BT與AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise)環境下的性能進行比較。
2 仿真
先用MATLAB程序來模擬在BT和AWGN環境下WLAN的性能。MATLAB程序的輸入參數包括WLAN數據傳輸率,Eb/No范圍,數據包錯誤率限制,數據包長度(以字節為單位),SIR(Signal to Interference Ratio)范圍,RS輸入參數其中包括bits per symbol(2~16范圍之內)和可修改錯誤數量(1~2m-1范圍之內)。BT干擾源的數量也是必要的參數。MATLAB程序的輸出是數據包錯誤率(PER)和每比特能源與噪聲密度比(Eb/No)。關于使用MATLAB做通信方面的仿真或實驗請參考文獻[4]。仿真結果收集、繪制如圖1。
3 結果解釋
從圖中的曲線可以看出藍牙干擾的影響。該曲線不是編碼通常的“瀑布”或凸曲線而因受BT的影響變為凹或浴缸形狀。還注意到對前四種數據傳輸速率就是6Mbps, 9Mbps, 12Mbps和18Mbps。在這底數據傳輸速率BS編碼表現明顯優于RS編碼,但在更高的數據速率時BS編碼有明顯的惡化而未能實現基準性能。
從圖1.1、圖1.2和圖1.3可以看出,使用BC能在底SIR(分別等于-16dB和-8dB) 和半碼速率條件下達到基準PER=0.01性能標準而3/4碼速率在SIR=0dB也達到基準性能。因此可以得出結論:半碼速率的BS編碼比3/4碼速率BS編碼強一些。
RS編碼在底數據傳出率顯的比較差,當SIR在最低值時未能達到基準性能(見圖1.1~圖1.4)。
4 結論
總體來說如果WLAN設備目標環境是高數據速率(比如超過54Mbps)環境而很可能要與BT共存,則設備制造商應該考慮使用RS coded OFDM來替代通常使用的BS coded OFDM。
參考文獻:
[1] Ophir, L., Y. Bitran, and I. Sherman. WI-FI (IEEE802.11) and bluetooth coexistence: Issues and solutions. 2004. Barcelona, Spain: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, United States.
[2] Anyaegbu, M., Performance of Reed Solomon Coded IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN in a Bluetooth Environment, in School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. 2006, University of Leeds: Leeds.
[3] Performance of IEEE 802.11 WLANs in a Bluetooth environment Chiasserini, C.F. Rao, R.R., Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2000. WCNC. 2000 IEEE
[4] MATLAB communications toolbox: http://www.mathworks.com/products/communications/.