81例住院精神病患者攻擊行為的護理分析

岳玉川 趙 艷 傅育敏 陳秀珍 秦小榮

[摘要] 目的 分析住院精神病患者攻擊行為的臨床特征,并提出護理對策。方法 收集81例具有攻擊行為的精神病患者的臨床資料,并與同期年齡、性別配對的無攻擊行為精神病患者進行對照分析。結果 既往曾有攻擊行為史、文化程度低、無社會家庭支持是攻擊行為的危險因素。攻擊行為可能的原因多為被害妄想、情緒易激惹等,也有的是因為對住院條件不滿意,對工作人員態度不滿等引發。發生攻擊行為多在住院的前2周,受攻擊的對象多為男性護理人員。結論應根據攻擊行為危險因素和臨床特征,實施有針對性的護理防范對策。

[關鍵詞] 精神病;攻擊行為;護理

[中圖分類號] R749[文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1004-8650(2009)05-088-03

Nursing analysis on aggressive behaviors of 81 inpatients with psychotic

ZHAOYan,YUE Yu-Chuan,CHENXiu-Zhen,QINXiao-Rong.

(The Fourth Peoples Hospital of Chengdu,Chengdu,Sichuan 610036,China)

[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical features on aggressive behaviors of inpatients with mental illness, and explore nursing methods. Methods Control analysis between the 81 inpatients with aggressive behaviors matched non-aggressive behavior inpatients with the same sexual and ages. Results The risk factors to aggressive behaviors were the history of aggressive behaviors, low level of education, lack of social supports. The most reason of aggressive behaviors were the delusion of persecution, irritability. Other reasons were unsatisfied with living conditions and health care workers attitude et al. It was almost aimed at the male nurse in the first two weeks. Conclusion We should apply the well-pointed nursing methods according with the risk factors and clinical features for the aggressive behaviors.

[Key words] mental illness; aggressive behaviors; nursing

精神病患者在病態的支配下可能出現攻擊行為。精神病患者的攻擊行為不僅會給患者本人造成損失和傷害,也將對其他患者和醫護工作人員構成威脅。在精神病專科醫院,住院精神病患者發生攻擊行為的可能性更大,尤其是新入院的急性期精神病患者[1]。為了有效防范精神病患者的攻擊行為,減少或消除病房內的不安全因素,本文對近期在我院住院的精神病患者發生攻擊行為的臨床特征進行分析,并提出護理對策。

1資料來與方法

1.1攻擊行為的限定

結合Baronr提出的攻擊行為定義[2],本研究對攻擊行為限定為:A 發生在住院期間(病房或治療康復區);B 主動對他人進行軀體的傷害;C 不是因為受到他人的挑釁而產生的報復性攻擊行為;D 不是因為不小心誤使他人受到的傷害。……