初中英語閱讀難點破解技巧辨析

初中英語閱讀是中考英語的主要得分點和失分點，因此，在破解閱讀難點的前提下，必須要以提高閱讀能力為前提。下面以07年深圳市中考英語真題為分析對象，有的放矢地介紹一些有效的閱讀技巧。

一、“目標閃回”整理法——有的放矢

具體做法就是，拿來一篇文章，在看過它的標題之后，先不看正文，然后轉而閱讀它所設置的問題和選項。一般來說，文章所設置的問題的排列順序會在文章按照同樣的順序排列下來。例題如下：

2007年深圳中考真題判斷正誤：“√”或“×”

This is our classroom， tt is very big.It has very big windows. There are 45 students， in our class.Everyone has a desk and a chair. They are all new. We look after them very-well. In our class-room there are two blackboards. One is for the teacher and one is for the stu- dents. The Walls are white and bright. On them there are some niche pictures， and there are two maps， too， a map of China and a map of the world.

In the morning the students come to school very early， and the teacher comes to school early， too. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We like our lessons very much.Our classroom is good. Our class is good， too.We like our class and our classroom.

1 The classroom is big，but the windows are small.

2 There are 45 desks and chairs in the classroom.

3 The students look after their desks and chairs very well.

4 There is one big blackboard in the classroom.

5 There is no blackboard for the students in the classroom.

6 There are two maps. on the wall.

7 The students don't come to school very early.

8 They have four lessons every day.

9 The classroom is nice and good.

10 They like their class and their classroom very much.

所謂“目標閃回”，就是相對于正文來說，問題和選項是“目標”。閱讀問題引導學生通過“帶著問題”重新閱讀文本，而閱讀選項可以掌握大量的信息，也可以為“閃回”閱讀正文提供引導性的思維慣性。看1題的題干，出現了“classroom”“windows”這兩個關鍵信息片段，因此在回到文章閱讀的時候；在正文的首段首句，就可以以這一信息敏感作為指導點，尋找答案。

二、關鍵詞定位信息法——守株待兔

這一點與上面的方法具有一定的繼承性和操作上的先后性。這種依靠關鍵詞來尋找和定位有效信息的方法，當然要依賴“目標閃回”，因為這種關鍵詞必須是問題設置所需要的信息，才算是“關鍵”。一般來說，關鍵信息大體包括人名、地名、專有名詞、帶引號的詞、時間、數字、帶“—”字符的合成詞等等，也要視文章內容不同而定。這種關鍵詞往往是文章重要轉折的標志，或者是文章重要隱藏信息的標簽，通過這種關鍵詞，再結合“閃回”，便可以盡快在文中迅速定位，找到關鍵詞的原始位置，并獲取相關有效信息。……