短文改錯題考點分析

短文改錯題具有“高起點、低落點”的特點，對學(xué)生的語言感覺和語言能力要求較高，但改正的錯誤往往比較簡單。很多學(xué)生做不好改錯題不是因為沒有掌握這些語法知識，而是不能通過語感找出錯誤。所以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有意識地去注意一些高考短文改錯的常考點非常重要。

綜合近年的高考題我們可以看出主要在以下語法項目上設(shè)題:

1.名詞和限制詞的搭配

主要涉及可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞與冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞的錯誤搭配，以及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用。

2.動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞

常出現(xiàn)在總體時態(tài)為過去或現(xiàn)在時中間雜有另一時態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，以及動詞的謂語與非謂語形式、非謂語動詞之間的誤用。

3.代詞的誤用

主要是代詞的格與數(shù)的誤用。如男性用了女性代詞，單數(shù)用了復(fù)數(shù)代詞或相反;應(yīng)當用形容詞性的物主代詞用了名詞性的等。

4.數(shù)詞的誤用

主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和誤用，以及hundred， thousand， dozen， score等詞和具體數(shù)詞連用時的用法以及表示約數(shù)的用法。

5.形容詞與副詞

主要涉及到形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級與最高級的誤用，以及形容詞和副詞的誤用等。

6.考查英語中的并列現(xiàn)象

在一些英語的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有用并列的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，如并列連詞連接的兩個部分等。

7.考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系

but， and， so， however， otherwise等一些并列連詞和連接副詞的誤用。before， after， when，until， since等狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的誤用等。還有肯定和否定的誤用等。

8.一些相似結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用

如used to do， be used to do， be used to doing等結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。

9.慣用法的搭配

改錯步驟:

上述9個方面，同學(xué)們在做題時只要稍加留意，找出錯誤的比率就會增大很多。做短文改錯題時一般遵循以下幾個步驟:

1.先通讀全文。認真閱讀短文，在做題之前確保已經(jīng)弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的邏輯關(guān)系是否正確，時態(tài)、人稱、主謂、指代等是否一致。

2.聚焦出題熱點、綜合運用所學(xué)語言知識，分句(注意以句子為單位而不是以行為單位)對不同的錯誤情況進行分析和回答(即改詞、加詞或減詞)。

3.再次通讀全文，校對自己的改正是否正確。一般各種改錯的方式都應(yīng)該用到，如果出現(xiàn)了某一種改法(如加詞、減詞等)沒有用到，要考慮自己的改錯應(yīng)該有問題，要對剛才不是很有把握的行進行推敲。在自己認為正確的行后劃勾，并且校對其他行改正的符號是否準確，大小寫是否拼寫正確(這點同學(xué)們很容易忽視)。如果某一行有兩種改錯方式要推敲哪一種是最佳改法。

短文改錯精練7篇

(1)Most families in China hoped their single children will1.____

have a happy future， so they are very strict in their children.2.____

So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much3.____

homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.4.____

The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 5.____

wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even6.____

attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many 7.____

people already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines.8.____

Shouldn’t we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 9.____

government is making out a plan to solve the education problems.10.____

(2)Nowadays， almost every family has TV set， and almost1.____

everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives.2.____

TV has many advantages， for example， it informs us the 3.____

latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our4.____

eyes， enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more5.____

about the world. But， it also has some disadvantages. People 6.____

waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 7.____

and work are affected. To the children who they spend too8.____

much time in watching TV， it can do harmful to their sight 9.____

and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV.10.____

(3)A few months after returning the US from Germany， I took1.____

part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 2.____

to say German well in Germany， I thought it might be3.____

interested to begin studying another language. At the 4.____

first class， the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation5.____

exercise in it he would say a word or two in French， and6.____

each student would do their best to copy. When he got to7.____

me， he kept having me to say more words， and I 8.____

finally asked him why. “I find it great fun，” she explained 9.____

it. “In 25 years of teaching at school， it’s the first time 10.____

I’ve heard an American speak French with a German accent.”

(4)The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and night1.____

millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from2.____

hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present 3.____

there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 4.____

either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe 5.____

River is such dirty and poisonous that people don’t dare swim6.____

in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The 7.____

government and the people near the river must try to clear water 8.____

as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the9.____

pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 10.____

will be prevented in the near future.

(5)Dear Abby，

How are you? Today I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you.1.____

I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my2.____

further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 3.____

for it， but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However，4.____

my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me5.____

going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 6.____

for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They7.____

can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 8.____

in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with9.____

them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?10.____

Best wishes，

Jane

(6)It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible1.____

(有責任的) for housework， but with one of the followed suggestions， 2.____

you really can get your children help you at home. If you give your 3.____

children the impression which they can never do anything quite right， 4.____

then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless they 5.____

believe they can succeed， they will never become totally independence. 6.____

Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about 7.____

what they’ve done right， but about what they haven’t done. If your8.____

children complete a difficult task， reward (酬勞) him with a Sunday9.____

trip or a ball game of Dad. 10.____

(7)Dear Tom，

I’m writing to tell you about the great changes have taken place1.____

in our English classes when modern teaching techniques started2.____

to be used. Teachers used to speaking alone all the time in class，3.____

keeping us busy making notes and leaving us no time think for4.____

ourselves. As a result， what we learnt in class were difficult to5.____

understand and remember. The classes were so boring that we6.____

were very worry about learning the language. However， things 7.____

are different now. With the help of computers and other equipments，8.____

we not only listen， but watch and speak a lot in the class， which9.____

makes what is dull or difficult more easier to understand and remember.10.____

Yours truly，

Wang Lin

Key(2)