從高考題透析定語(yǔ)從句中“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”考點(diǎn)

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”是學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是高考的?？键c(diǎn)。當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom;指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which，有時(shí)根據(jù)句子需要，還可用whose作定語(yǔ)。介詞的選擇，主要從四個(gè)方面考慮:1.看先行詞;2.看與定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)形容詞的搭配關(guān)系;3.聯(lián)系整個(gè)句意;4.表示“所屬關(guān)系”或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，用介詞of?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合高考試題對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的考點(diǎn)作一歸納和解析如下:

一、介詞+關(guān)系代詞

1. By nine o’clock， all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma， ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.(08福建)

A. of whichB. on which

C. from whichD. above which

解析:答案為D。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞the top of Mount Qomolangma及整個(gè)句意可知，這里介詞應(yīng)選擇above，彩虹出現(xiàn)在珠穆朗瑪峰山頂?shù)纳峡?，而不是在山頂，所以不能選擇on which。

2. For many cities in the world， there is no room to spread out further， ____ New York is an example.(08 四川)

A. for whichB. in which

C. of whichD. from which

解析:答案為C。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:對(duì)于世界上許多城市來(lái)說(shuō)，已經(jīng)沒(méi)有了向外進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展的空間，在這些城市中紐約就是一個(gè)例子。由先行詞cities及整個(gè)句意可知，這里介詞應(yīng)選擇of，表示“在這些城市中”，which代替先行詞cities。

3. We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.(08上海)

A. whichB. whose

C. in whichD. with which

解析:答案為C。本句是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:我們經(jīng)歷了一段在農(nóng)村通訊非常困難的時(shí)期。由先行詞a period及整個(gè)句意可知，這里缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以可排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)，選擇C項(xiàng)，in which=when。

4. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____they can be controlled on purpose.(07 重慶)

A. with whichB. to which

C. of whichD. for which

解析:答案為B。本句是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句意為:人類和動(dòng)物面部表情的不同在于在某種程度上人類可以有意識(shí)地控制他們。由先行詞the degree及整個(gè)句意可知，這里介詞應(yīng)選擇to，to the degree 意為“在某種程度上”，為固定搭配，which代替先行詞the degree。

5. He was educated at the local high school， ____ he went on to Beijing University.(07江蘇)

A. after whichB. after that

C. in whichD. in that

解析:答案為A。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:他在當(dāng)?shù)氐闹袑W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，之后，他上了北京大學(xué)。which指代He was educated at the local high school這件事，再根據(jù)整個(gè)句意，選擇介詞after。所以，排除B、C與D。

6. Eric received training in computer for one year， ____ he found a job in a big company. (07遼寧)

A. after thatB. after which

C. after itD. after this

解析:答案為B。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:艾力克接受了一年的計(jì)算機(jī)培訓(xùn)，之后，他在一家大公司找到了一份工作。which指代Eric received training in computer for one year這件事，再根據(jù)整個(gè)句意，選擇介詞after。所以，排除A、C與D。

7. We saw several natives advancing towards our party， and one of them came up to us， ____ we gave some bells and glasses.

(06湖南)

A. to whichB. to whom

C. with whomD. with which

解析:答案為B。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞one of them及整個(gè)句意可知，這里介詞應(yīng)選擇to， we gave some bells and glasses to whom，故排除A、C與D。

二、介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞

8. In the office， I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. ____ time many people have gone home.(95上海)

A. whose timeB. that

C. on whichD. by which

解析:答案為D。本句是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞5:30 p.m.及整個(gè)句意可知，這里介詞應(yīng)選擇by，“到……為止”，which代替先行詞，句意為:在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午5:30以后才有空，到那時(shí)許多人都已經(jīng)回家了。

三、The+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞

9. The man pulled out a gold watch， ____ were made of small diamonds.(08陜西)

A. the hands of whom

B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of

D. the hands of which

解析:答案為D。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:那個(gè)男的拿出一塊金表，金表的指針是由小塊的鉆石制成的。先行詞為a gold watch，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which，表所屬關(guān)系的結(jié)構(gòu)為:the hands of which或whose hands。

10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase， ____ was very reasonable.(00上海)

A. which priceB. the price of which C. its priceD. the price of whose

解析:答案為B。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞an ancient Chinese vase及整個(gè)句意可知，這里應(yīng)選擇the price of which指代 the price of the vase， the price of which也等于whose price。

四、The+形容詞比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)+of+關(guān)系代詞

11. There are two buildings，____ stands nearly a hundred feet high.(04湖北)

A. the larger

B. the larger of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

解析:答案為D。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞two buildings及整個(gè)句意可知，這里應(yīng)選擇the larger of which指代 the larger of the two buildings;若句中逗號(hào)為句號(hào)或兩個(gè)句子之間有并列連詞and，則答案應(yīng)選B。

五、不定代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞

12. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， ____ are beyond our control.(08湖南)

A. most of themB. most of which

C. most of whatD. most of that

解析:答案為B。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:植物的生長(zhǎng)速度受許多因素的影響，其中大部分是超出我們控制的。先行詞為factors，且在介詞of后，只能用which。如果句中逗號(hào)為句號(hào)或兩個(gè)句子之間有并列連詞and，A項(xiàng)便是正確選項(xiàng)。

13. Last week， only two people came to look at the house， ____ wanted to buy it.

(07安徽)

A. none of themB. both of them

C. none of whomD. neither of whom

解析:答案為D。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句意為:上周，只有兩個(gè)人來(lái)看這房子，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人想要買(mǎi)它。由先行詞only two people及整個(gè)句意可知，這里應(yīng)選擇neither of whom。A、C項(xiàng)指三者或三者以上的人;選B項(xiàng)，只要把第二個(gè)逗號(hào)變成句號(hào)或在第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后加上并列連詞and。

14. It is reported that two schools， ____ are being built in my hometown， will open next year.(07四川)

A. they bothB. which both

C. both of themD. both of which

解析:答案為D。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞two schools及整個(gè)句意可知，這里應(yīng)選擇both of which，A、B、C項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。

六、數(shù)詞+of+關(guān)系代詞

15. I was given three books on cooking， the first ____ I really enjoyed.(06浙江)

A. of thatB. of which

C. thatD. which

解析:答案為B。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞three books及整個(gè)句意可知，這里應(yīng)選擇the first of which=the first of the three books，A選項(xiàng)中的that不能用于介詞of之后。

16. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year， 80% ____ are sold abroad.(04遼寧)

A. of whichB. which of

C. of themD. of that

解析:答案為A。本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，由先行詞half a million pairs of shoes及整個(gè)句意可知，這里應(yīng)選擇80% of which。句意為:這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬(wàn)雙鞋，其中有80%銷往國(guó)外。選C項(xiàng)，只要把句中逗號(hào)改為句號(hào)或在逗號(hào)后加上并列連詞and 或but;D項(xiàng)中，that不能用于介詞of之后。

:

Ⅰ. Since when的用法

1. The book was written in 1946， ____ the education system has witnessed great changes.(07山東)

A. whenB. during which

C. since thenD. since when

解析:答案為D。某些介詞+when也能引導(dǎo)修飾句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，即不是修飾個(gè)別先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)when所代表的常常是前面的句子所提供的時(shí)間背景，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。由The book was written in 1946可知，用when;由has witnessed great changes可知，用介詞since。故答案為D。

Ⅱ. From where的用法

2. She climbed up to the top of the hill， from where she could have a good view of the whole town.

解析:這里from where指代from the top of the hill。句意為:她登上山頂，從那里她可以一覽全城風(fēng)光。

3. China is the birthplace of kites， from where kites spread to Japan， Korea， Thailand and India.

解析:這里from where=from that place。句意為:中國(guó)是風(fēng)箏的故鄉(xiāng)，從那里風(fēng)箏傳到日本、朝鮮、泰國(guó)和印度。

<演練PK臺(tái)>:

1. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of ____hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which

2. In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. that B. who

C. from whomD. to whom

3. I used to live in a house， ____ grow two tall trees.

A. in front of it

B. in front of which

C. in the front of it

D. in the front of which

4. The old lady ____ you told me yesterday was a famous writer.

A. whoB. about whom

C. whomD. with whom

5. Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

A. with himB. who

C. with whom D. whom

6. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf， ____ five are mine.

A. on whichB. in which

C. of whichD. from which

7. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for whichB. at which

C. in whichD. on which

8. That journey around the world took the old sailor nine months， ____ the sailing time was 226 days.

A. of whichB. during which

C. from which D. for which

9. There are two girl students standing over there， ____ like football very much.

A. neither of themB. neither of whom

C. both of themD. both of whom

10. The old man has two daughters， ____ works as a nurse.

A. both of whom

B. both of them

C. younger of whom

D. the younger of whom

Keys:1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.D