Ｗｈａｔ究竟是什么？

在2008年全國及各省市的19份高考試題中，有7個省市對what進行了考查，what究竟是什么?在名詞性從句中，what除可引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句外，還要在它所引導的從句中充當句子成分，作主語、賓語或表語。其意義相當于the thing(s) that。現將08年高考試題中的what考點解讀如下:

一、引導主語從句的what

1. ____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.

(福建 27)

A. ItB. What C. As D. Which

[答案解讀]

1.B。句子中第二個is是系動詞，其前是主語，其后是表語。因此，需要選一個能引導主語從句的引導詞。it常作形式主語，如果選it，則需去掉第二個is。as或which都可以引導定語從句，指代主句整句內容，as可放句首或句中，而which只能放在句中。如果選as，則句子應改為:As is known to us all， the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. 如果選which，則句子應改為:The 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing， which/as is known to us all. 故選what，引導主語從句并作從句的主語。

2. ____ was most important to her， she told me， was her family.(山東 23)

A. ItB.This C. What D. As

[答案解讀]

2.C。句子中第二個was是系動詞，其前是主語，其后是表語。因此，需要選一個能引導主語從句的引導詞。選項中只有what符合，引導主語從句并在從句中作主語，故選C。she told me是插入語。句意為:她告訴我，對她來說最重要的是她的家庭。

二、引導賓語從句的what

3. The companies are working together to create ____they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (北京 30)

A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who

[答案解讀]

3.C。create后為賓語從句，該從句缺少主語，其中they hope為插入語。句意為:這些公司正在一起努力創造出他們所希望的21世紀最好的交通工具。根據句意，選項中能夠在名詞性從句中起引導作用并能作從句主語的引導詞只能是what。that雖可連接賓語從句，但不能在從句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一個”，who“誰”，都不符合題意。

4. When asked ____they needed most， the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.(湖南 29)

A. whatB. whyC. whomD. which

[答案解讀]

4.A。句意為:當被問及他們最需要什么時，孩子們說他們想要被重視、被關愛的感覺。根據句意，孩子們需要的是某種東西，而不是人，所以，選擇what引導賓語從句，并在賓語從句中作賓語。why“為什么”，whom“誰”，which“哪一個”，都不符合題意。

5. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from____their parents speak at home.

(浙江 6)

A. whatB. thatC. whichD. one

[答案解讀]

5.A。句意為:一些孩子想要通過學習一種不同于家長在家說的語言來挑戰他們自己。根據句意，這里只能選擇what來引導賓語從句，并在從句中作speak的賓語。that雖可引導賓語從句，但不能在從句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一個”，不符合題意。one可作定語從句的先行詞，但這里表特指，應用the one。

6. People in Chongqing are proud of ____ they have achieved in the past ten years.

(重慶 25)

A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how

[答案解讀]

6.C。這里只能選擇what來引導賓語從句，并在從句中作have achieved的賓語，相當于the things that。that雖可引導賓語從句，但不能在從句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一個”，how“如何”，都不符合題意。

7. As his best friend， I can make accurate guesses about ____ he will do or think.

(上海 34)

A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that

[答案解讀]

7.A。句意為:作為他最好的朋友，我能夠準確地猜出他的所做所想。根據句意，這里只能選擇what來引導賓語從句，并在從句中作do or think的賓語，表示“所做或所想的事情(東西)”。that雖可引導賓語從句，但不能在從句中作任何句子成分。which“哪一個”，whom“誰”，都不符合題意。

三、引導表語從句的what

8. See the flags on top of the building? That was ____ we did this morning.(06全國I)

A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what

[答案解讀]

8.D。本題是考查表語從句的引導詞。句意為:看到樓頂上的旗子了嗎?那就是我們今天早上做的事。分析句子結構，綜合句意可知，這里只能選擇what來引導表語從句，并在從句中作did的賓語，相當于the thing that。 when“什么時候”，which“哪一個”，where“哪里”，都不符合題意。

[真題再現]

1. ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(07全國Ⅱ)

A. WhatB. Why

C. WhereD. Which

2. ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.(07上海)

A. ThatB. What

C. WhetherD. Where

3. It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself.

(07福建)

A. howB. whatC. whichD. when

4. ____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.(07陜西)

A. ThatB. WhichC. WhatD. As

5. ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(06遼寧)

A. WhatB. Who

C. WhateverD. Whoever

6. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.(07 天津)

A. whatB. whichC. howD. where

7. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.(07江蘇)

A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether

8. ——Could you do me a favor?

——It depends on ____ it is.

(06 北京)

A. whichB. whichever

C. whatD. whatever

9. I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited.(06 山東)

A. why it doesB. what he does

C. how it isD. what it is

10. ——What did your parents think about

your decision?

——They always let me do ____ I think I should.(06全國Ⅱ)

A. whenB. thatC. howD. what

Keys:1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.D