Ｕｎｉｔｓ１３—１４重難點講解

Unit 13

1.The diamond was cursed and the man lived a sad， lonely life without friends or family. 這塊鉆石受到了詛咒，這個人過著憂郁而孤獨的生活，既沒有朋友，也沒有親人。

▲curse

(1)v.咒罵，詛咒

She cursed him for ruining her life.

她因他毀了她的一生而詛咒他。

(2)be cursed with因……而遭殃，因……而受苦

My mother is cursed with blindness and difficulty in hearing.

我的母親正遭受失明與弱聽之苦。

(3)n.咒罵、詛咒之詞

The witch laid the princess under a curse.

巫婆對公主下了詛咒。

(4)n.天譴，天討

Our tribe is under a curse.

我們部落正遭受天譴。

(5)n.禍根，禍因

Foxes can be a curse to farmers.

狐貍會給農民帶來災禍。

2.When he died he left the Moonstone to his sister’s daughter， Rachel， in an act of revenge， passing on his bad fortune to her.他去世的時候把月亮寶石留給了他姐姐的女兒雷切爾，報復性地把不幸傳給她。

▲an act of revenge報復行為，act在此處是名詞。

an act of cruelty殘忍的行為

an act of war戰爭行為

an act of mercy仁慈的行為

▲revenge

(1)vt.替……報仇;(對某種行為)報復

The boy swore to revenge his father.

那個男孩發誓要為他父親報仇。

(2)n.復仇，報仇

I took revenge on the people for what they did. 我報了仇，讓他們對自己的行為付出了代價。

3.All the guests are astonished by its size and rare beauty. 所有的客人都對它的體積和少有的美麗感到震驚。

▲astonish vt.使驚訝，使驚愕(常用于被動語態，不可用于進行時)

The news astonished everybody.=Everybody was astonished at the news.

這個消息令大家驚訝。

I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.

我被這巨大的聲響嚇了一跳。

We were astonished that he appeared at the party. 他出現在宴會上使我們感到驚訝。

[發散思維] astonished adj.驚訝的

astonishing adj.令人驚訝的

astonishment n.驚奇，驚愕

to one’s astonishment 令某人感到驚訝的是

4.Is it coincidence or is it the Moonstone’s bad luck that causes the tension and strange things that happen during the rest of the evening? 是巧合還是月亮寶石的不幸使得那天晚上發生了緊張而奇怪的事情呢?

▲該句是強調句，強調的部分分別是主語“coincidence”和“the Moonstone’s bad luck”。

(1)“It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+原句的剩余部分”是強調句型，可用來強調句中除謂語動詞以外的任何成分。如:

My uncle bought a new car yesterday.

昨天我叔叔買了一輛新汽車。

→It was my uncle who/that bought a new car yesterday. (強調主語)

→It was a new car that my uncle bought yesterday. (強調賓語)

→It was yesterday that my uncle bought a new car. (強調時間狀語)

注意:強調主語時，如果指人，可以用that，也可以用who。強調時間、地點、原因狀語時，只用that，不能用when， where和why。

(2)對特殊疑問詞強調的句式是“特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that+句子的其余部分(陳述語序)”。

What is it that Joe has found in the bathroom? 喬在浴室里發現的是什么?

高考試題賞析

I don’t mind her criticizing me， but ____ is how she does it that I object to.(2007 江西)

A. itB. thatC. thisD. which

賞析:本題考查強調句型。It is+被強調部分+that+其他，強調句可去掉it is與that還原句子。本句相當于…，but I object to how she does it。被強調部分是賓語從句，因此，用it引導該句式。答案:A

▲coincidence n.

(1)巧合，恰好相合的事(可數名詞)

What a coincidence that I was in London just when you were.

真是巧合，你在倫敦時我也在。

(2)相符合，一致(不可數名詞)

Is there any coincidence between his opinions and your own?

他的意見跟你的是不是一致?

[發散思維] coincident adj.同時發生或存在的，巧合的，一致的

5.I assumed her maid had taken Rachel’s garment with the paint stain， hidden it， and then secretly made a new one in her room during the night.我曾經假設過:雷切爾的女傭拿走了那件帶有油漆污漬的衣服，把它藏了起來，然后當天晚上在她的房間里偷偷地做了一件新的。

▲assume vt.

(1)把……視為當然，以為，假定為……，想當然

When college students assume future employment， they often think of status， income and prestige.當大學生設想未來的職業時，他們經常想到的是地位、收入和名望。

——I assumed that he was dead.

我認為他死了。

——I assumed so， too. 我也這么認為。

(2)擔任(職務、任務等)，承擔

He will assume the directorship of the project. 他將擔任那項工程管理者的職位。

(3)假裝，裝作

Although she was ill， she assumed an air of cheerfulness. 雖然她生病了，她卻裝作快樂的樣子。

[發散思維] (1) assumption n.假定，假設

(2) assuming表示“假如”，和if同義;assuming后面可以有that。

Assuming that his story is true， what should we do? 如果(假定)他的故事是真的，我們應該怎么辦?

6.She admitted that she had hidden the evidence becauseshe loved him and wanted to keep him out of trouble. 她承認自己藏匿了證據，因為她愛他，不想使他有麻煩。

▲admit v.

(1)承認，供認

He admitted having done wrong.

他承認做錯了事。

You must admit the task to be difficult.

你得承認這項工作是困難的。

It is generally admitted that which way you take is up to you.

一般認為走哪條路取決于自己。

注意:admit后接doing作賓語，意為“承認做了某事”。

(2)許可(人或物)進入;讓……進入;允許行使……的權利、作用或特權。

The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.

仆人打開門，讓我走進房子里。

Only one hundred boys are admitted to (into) the school every year.

該校每年只收100名男生。

Children are not admitted. 兒童免進。

(3)容納(相當于hold)

The theatre admits only 200 persons.

這個戲院只能容納200人。

[發散思維] admission n.承認，供認，允許進入，入學等許可

7.Franklin and Rachel were both delighted to discover that Franklin was innocent after all. 發現富蘭克林最終是清白的，富蘭克林和雷切爾都很高興。

▲innocent adj.

(1)無罪的，清白的

an innocent man 一個清白的人

The defendant in a criminal case is innocent until proved guilty. 刑事案件中的被告，在罪證確鑿之前是無罪的。

He is innocent of the crime. 他沒有犯罪。

(2)無邪的，天真爛漫的

an innocent child一個天真爛漫的孩童

as innocent as a baby像嬰兒般天真

[發散思維] innocence n.無辜

His friends proved his innocence.

他的朋友證明了他的清白。

Unit 14

8. Write an argumentative essay.

寫一篇議論文

▲argumentative adj. 辯論的;爭論的

[發散思維] argue vt. vi.爭論

(1)argue(+about/on/over)+n.就……辯論

We’ll argue about the government’s new economic policy with him.

我們將與他辯論政府的新經濟政策。

(2)argue+that…主張……，認為……

She argued thatour attempt would be a waste of time.

她認為我們的嘗試將是浪費時間。

(3)argue+for(against)+n.贊成(反對)……

He argued for (against) the Five-day Week.

他贊成(反對)一周上5天班。

(4)argue+sb.+into(out of) doing…說服某人做(停止做)……

I argued him into buying a new car.

我說服他去買一輛新汽車。

(5)argue against sb. on sth.

與某人爭辯某事

[發散思維] argument n.爭論;議論;論據argumentation n.論證，辯論 arguer n.爭辯者

9.Match the words above with the humorous definitions below. 把上面的單詞與下面幽默的定義相搭配。

▲match vi.vt.

(1)match+n.與……相匹敵

No one can match her in knowledge of classical music. 在古典音樂的知識方面沒人能和她相匹敵。

(2)與(某事物)相似、相配、相符合或相一致

Her clothes don’t match her age.

她的衣服與她的年齡不相配。

(3)match+n.+against(with)使……和……交手;和……比賽

He matched his shooting skill against the expert’s. 他和專家比賽射擊技術。

辨析:match， suit與fit

(1)match多指大小、色調、形狀、性質等方面的搭配。

(2)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等。

No dish suits all tastes. 眾口難調。

(3)fit多指大小、形狀合適，引申為“吻合”“協調”。

The new coat fits me well.

這件新外套我穿著大小正合適。

▲humorous adj. 幽默的;詼諧的

He is a humorous writer.

他是一位幽默的作家。

[發散思維] humor n. 幽默 humorously adv. 幽默地

He is a man of humor.

他是一位具有幽默感的人。

10.What is the problem with the animals at the zoo? 動物園里的動物怎么了?

▲What’s the problem with…?……怎么了?

[發散思維] What’s the matter with…?……怎么了?

What’s wrong with…?……怎么了?

There’s something(nothing) wrong(the matter) with… ……有點問題(沒問題)。

What’s wrong(the matter) with her(her eyes)?她(她的眼睛)怎么啦?

There’s nothing wrong(the matter) with the machine. 這臺機器沒毛病。

注意:the matter一般用于疑問句或否定句中，而不用于肯定句中。

11.Among the different kinds of bee， it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “language” they use to communicate with each other. 在各種不同種類的蜂中，蜜蜂因其在彼此之間進行溝通所用的“語言”而最使科學家們感興趣。

▲從總體上看這個句子是“It is…that…”的強調句型，the “language”后面為定語從句。

▲強調句型的變化形式歸納:

(1)以一般疑問句的形式出現。

Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?

A. it youB. not you

C. youD. that yourself

比較下句:It was you that I saw last night at the concert.我們可以看出該題實際上是這個陳述句的一般疑問句形式。答案應為A。

(2)以特殊疑問句的形式出現。

____ is it ____ has made Peter ____ he is today?

A. What; that; that

B. That; that; what

C. What; what; that

D. What; that; what

本題結構復雜，請看解析:

It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.

對劃線部分提問:

What is it that has made Peter what he is today?

顯然，答案應為D。

(3)以名詞性從句的形式出現。

I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.

A. thatit was there

B. where was it that

C. that where it was

D. where it was that

本題是經過變形的強調句型用作賓語從句的體現。為了更好地理解，我們可以理解為:

第一步:復原。

It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.

第二步:對劃線部分進行提問。

Where was it that you put the dictionary?

第三步:變為陳述語序，將其用作賓語從句，即為該題。經過對比，答案應為D。

(4)與定語從句相結合。

It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris ____ they did the experiment.

A. which; thatB. that; what

C. whom; thatD. which; where

the lab后跟that或which引導的定語從句，全句為強調句式。所以答案為A。

(5)與not…until句型相結合。

It was not until it got dark that I left.

原句為:I didn’t leave until it got dark.

[鏈接]相似句型:

(1)“It+be+adj./n./過去分詞+that從句”句型。

該句型中的it是形式主語，that引導的從句是真正的主語。

It is important that he should learn English well. 對他來說學好英語是重要的。

(2)“It+be+時間段+since…”句型表示“自從……已有多久了”。

It is two months since he fell ill.

自從他生病已經有兩個月了。

It’s two years since he worked here.

他不在這里工作已兩年了。

注意:since從句后面的動詞如果是延續性動詞，朝相反方向譯。

(3)“It be…before…”句型表示“……(多久后)發生……，……(過多久)才……”。

It was a long time before they met again.

很長一段時間之后他們又見面了。

高考試題賞析

The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____we meet them again.(2007 安徽)

A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when

賞析:本題考查一組引導狀語從句的連詞的用法?！皩⒔涍^很長一段時間我們才會再次相見”，此處連接詞的本意為“在……之前”。答案:B

▲among prep. 在……之中，……中之一

Among flowers， the rose is considered queen. 玫瑰被認為是花中王后。

This mountain is among the highest in the world. 這座山是世界上最高的山之一。

12.Professor Karl von Frisch， a scientist from Austria， spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives. 來自奧地利的科學家卡爾#8226;馮#8226;弗里希教授在一生中花費了許多年研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂房里令人吃驚的交流方法。

▲spend…(in) doing sth.花費(時間等)做某事

辨析:cost， spend， take與pay

(1)cost表示“花費(多少錢)”“需(多少錢)”“使……付出……的代價”，主語一般是表示所買東西的名詞，不能是表示人的名詞。cost是不規則動詞，過去式和過去分詞均為cost。

(2)spend money on和pay money for都可用來表示“花錢買東西”。

(3)take和spend在表示“花費(時間)”時所用的句型不同。take常用于It takes(sb.)+some time+to do sth.這一句型，it是形式主語，不定式是真正的主語。spend常用于spend time(in)doing sth.或spend time on sth.這兩種句型，主語是人，介詞in后面是v.-ing的形式，in可省去。如:

The watch cost two hundred yuan.

那塊表花了200元錢。

How much did the dictionary cost you?

你買那本詞典花了多少錢?

The dictionary cost me twenty yuan.

=I spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.

=I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.

=I bought the dictionary for twenty yuan.

=I bought the dictionary at the price of twenty yuan. 我花了20元錢買這本詞典。

注意:cost的主語不同于spend， pay和buy的主語。

It will take you a long time to build a house. 建一座房子將花費你很長一段時間。

He often spends his spare time helping his father on the farm. 他經常利用業余時間在農場上幫他父親干活。

You have to spend much more time on spoken English.

你們得在口語上花更多的時間。

▲honey-bees communicate in their dark hives是定語從句，修飾、限制先行詞the amazing ways， 省略了關系代詞that或in which。

13.He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.

他建了一個透明的墻，透過它他能觀察到里面發生的情況。

▲transparent adj.透明的;透光的

A type of plastic is as transparent as glass but stronger.

一種塑料，透明如玻璃卻比玻璃堅固。

▲wall后面是“介詞+which”引導的定語從句。

▲what went on“發生了什么事”，作observe的賓語從句，what在賓語從句中充當主語。

[鏈接]go on的其他用法:

(1)(向前)進行

We were all tired， so we couldn’t go on.

我們都筋疲力盡了，因此無法前進。

(2)繼續(with+n.)

I couldn’t finish my homework， so I have to go on with it.

我沒有完成家庭作業，所以還得繼續做。

(3)go on doing繼續做……

He went on working without taking a rest.

他一直工作，沒停下來休息過。

(4)轉換到(to+n.)

Time is short， so let’s go on to the next subject. 時間不多了，我們進入下一個主題吧。

(5)(事件等)發生

Do you know what’s going on here?

你知道這里發生什么事了嗎?

(6)(時間)經過， 過去

As the days went on， it grew colder.

日子一天天過去，天氣越來越冷。