淺談中學英語教材中的ｔｈｅｒｅ ｂｅ結構

考生在英語學習和高考英語復習中會經常碰到有關there be 結構的句子和題目，尤其是高考閱讀篇目中的一些長、難句，以及短文改錯，書面表達等題目中常有考點出現，故而需要對其結構有一個比較清楚的了解。

一． 基本結構

1.There is a cherry tree in my garden.

2.There are not any roses in the flower beds.

3.Is there any book in your schoolbag?

4.There is no one in the classroom， is there?

5.There have been so many car accidents in our town recently.

6. There happened to be nobody in the room.

二． 結構變形與說明：

1． 當我們要表達“在……（地方）存在、有……”時常用there be 結構，其中there 為引導詞，動詞用be 的某種形式，句子的主語放在謂語的后面。Be動詞的單、復數取決于后面的主語，如果有兩個或更多的主語，則和be動詞最接近的那個主語保持一致，如以上例句1～5。又如：

There is only a table， four chairs and a small bed in the room.

2. 句2為該結構的否定形式，一般是在助動詞或系動詞后加上not而構成，句4為主語否定法。又如：

There wasn’t any room for this big table in the house.

There was nothing special for our English study in his lecture.

3. 句3 為該結構的一般疑問句，即將be動詞提到there的前面就可以了。

4. 句4為該結構的反意疑問句，此時，后面的附加疑問部分要用there 引導，它就像是句子的主語，而且，同樣是“前面肯定，后面否定；前面否定，后面肯定”。

5. 句5是該結構的現在完成時態。根據句意表達的需要，there be 結構可以出現像其他動詞一樣的時態變化：

There were many pine trees on the hill.

There will be a big sandstorm this afternoon.

There is going to be a basketball match on our playground after class.

There had been a notice for dismissing him before he returned to the company.

There would have been a good chance for him if he had followed the teacher’s advice.

6.句6說明該結構中的動詞有時可以根據句意的需要用其他實義動詞替換，主要有兩種句型：

A.用動詞happen， seem， appear， be likely， be bound 等替代be動詞：

There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that foreign team.

In carrying out the project， there are likely to be more difficulties than you are prepared for.

There is bound to be an available way to solve the problem.

B. 動詞live， come， go， stand， occur， lie， ring， rush等常出現在該結構中用來表達一種更生動、更形象具體的含義：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

There stands a tall tower on the top of the hill.

There suddenly rushed into the room a group of small children.

There came good news that we would have a three-day’s holiday.

There rings the bell for class.

7. there be 結構與動詞的非謂語形式的連用：

A. 常用非謂語短語作后置定語：

There were many people waiting outside the gym just to want to have a look at the famous sports stars.

There should still be some shops left open at such a late hour.

You are right， I think. There’s nothing to be ashamed of.

B. There be結構自身所構成的非謂語短語形式有：there to be 和there being。一般可在句子中作主語、賓語或狀語，如：

⑴ 作主語：

There being a bus stop near the house is a great advantage.

For there to be so many people in the street was unusual.

⑵ 作賓語：

①介詞for后常用there to be:

They planned for there to be another meeting.

②其他介詞后常用there being:

He was disappointed at there being so little to do.

John was relying on there being another opportunity.

③作動詞的賓語時， 一般跟在動詞expect， like， want， prefer， mean， intend， hate 等后面常用there to be：

Students don’t want there to be another exam by the end of the term.

Do you expect there to be any objection to our suggestion?

④在動詞imagine， appreciate， avoid， mind， excuse等后面常用there being形式：

You can imagine there being a heated discussion about this matter at the meeting.

Would you mind there being so little help you can get from me?

⑶作狀語：

在句首作狀語表示原因、條件、方式時常用there being形式：

There being no bus， we had to walk home.

There being another chance， I’ll do it better.

如果作目的、結果狀語，則常用there to be形式：

In order there to be a more comfortable living house， he decided to buy that flat with a beautiful garden.

8. 與情態動詞的連用：

There used to be a chemical factory near our school which often sent polluted water.

There oughtn’t to be too great a difference in our views.