英語中,有時為了避免重復,往往省去一個詞或一些成分,這種語法現象稱為省略。省略句也是近年中考的重點內容。下面筆者就結合2007年全國各地中考試題,歸納省略的熱門考點。
【熱點一】不定式中to 的省略
(1)在hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官動詞和 make, have, let 等使役動詞后面應跟不帶to的動詞不定式做賓語補足語。若這些使役動詞為被動形式,則其后充當主語補足語的動詞不定式應帶 to。
例1.Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them ____ how much they mean to us. (2007年哈爾濱)
A. to knowB. knowingC. know(Key: C)
例2. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake. (2007年濟南)
A. to drawB. to drawing
C. drawD. drew (Key: A)
(2)would rather, had better, rather than等后面應該接不帶 to的動詞不定式。
例3. We’d better _____ off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute. (2007年上海)
A. to turn B. turning
C. turn D. turned (Key: C)
例4.—What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?
—I would rather ____ at home than _____ football.It’s too hot outside.(2007年南京)
A. stay; playingB. stay; play
C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing (Key: B)
(3)“Why not + 動詞原形……”相當于“Why don’tyou + 動詞原形……”,意思是“為何不、干嗎不?”
例5. —Why not ____ music club?
—I’m sorry, I can’t sing or dance.(2007年重慶)
A. to joinB. join
C. joining D. to join in (Key: B)
【熱點二】不定式后動詞的省略
動詞love, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope,try, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時,為避免重復,常省略與上文相同的動詞,只保留to不定式符號。
例6.—I’ll be away on holiday. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. ________.(2007年青島)
A. I have no timeB. I’d rather not
C. You can leaveD. I’d be happy to (Key: D)
例7.—I’ll go and climb the Western Hills this weekend. Would you like to go with me?
—____. Please call me when you go.(2007年云南)
A. No, I won’t B. I won’t go
C. Sorry, I’m busyD. Yes, I’dloveto (Key: D)
【熱點三】用 do, be以及情態動詞或助動詞的替代省略
用 do, be以及情態動詞或助動詞替代重復的動詞及其后面的賓語、表語、狀語或其他成分。
例8.—Can you play with a yo-yo , Jim ?
—Yes, I _______. It’s easy. (2007年北京)
A. mustB. can
C. needD. may (Key: B)
例9. —Your sister isn’t a nurse,is she?(2007濟南市)
—____. She teaches English in a middle school.
A. No, she isn’t B. Yes, she is.
C. Yes, she isn’t D. No, she is(Key: A)
【熱點四】 替代詞so / not的替代省略
替代詞so / not用于避免重復前面所說過的內容,可與動詞believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think 等詞及 I’m afraid連用。肯定時,上列動詞都可與so 搭配;否定時hope與guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式,而think, believe, suppose 等詞可有兩種否定形式 ,即:I think not 或I don’t think so.
例10.—Oh. Mary’s not here these days. Is she ill? (2007年江西)
—_____.Her mother told me that she was in hospital.
A. I am afraid so B. I hope not
C. I don’t mind D. I don’t think so (Key: A)
例11. —I believe we’ve met before.
—No, ______. I’ve never been here before. (2007年重慶課改實驗區)
A. it isn’t the same B. it’s true
C. I don’t think soD. I believe so(Key: C)
例12.—Do you think you will lose the game?
—No, _______.(2007年重慶非課改實驗區)
A. I think soB. I’m sure
C. I think not D. I’m afraid so(Key: C)
【熱點五】so/nor/neither的替代省略
(1)若兩個句子的主語相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重復前面句子的內容時,用“so + 主語 + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞”的形式。
例13. —Ann dances well.
—___. (2007年蘭州)
A. So she doesB. So does she
C. Neither can sheD. So can I (Key: A)
(2)若兩個句子的主語不相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重復前面句子的內容時,用“so + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語”的形式。
例14. Jim works hard on his Chinese and ____. (2007年濟南)
A. so Lucy does B. so is Lucy
C. so does Lucy D. so Lucy is (Key: C)
(3)若兩個句子的主語不相同,前面的句子是否定句,而后面的句子重復前面句子的內容時,用“neither/nor + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語”的形式。
例15.—Jack? I didn’t believe he could work it out.
—_____, but he really got it right.(2007年山東煙臺)
A. So I didn’tB. Me too
C. Neither did ID. So did I (Key: C)
【熱點六】定語從句中關系代詞的省略
當關系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用做動詞賓語時,常常可以省略。
例16. This is _____ I wanted. (2007年天津)
A. the one what B. which
C. one which D. the one (Key: D)
【熱點七】 情境中的省略
在日常會話、打電話、請求、祝愿、感嘆等不同交際情境中,交際者往往只突出要表達的主要意思的詞語,省略次要的或與前面重復的詞語。
例17. —How about going shopping on Hunan Road this evening?
—______, But I’ve to prepare for tomorrow’s exam.(2007年南京)
A. I can’t
B. Sounds great
C. That’s right
D. No, I’m terribly sorry(Key: B)
例18.—Mum, I won the 400-metre race in the school sports meeting.(2007年金華)
—______
A. Congratulations!
B. You’re welcome.
C. It’s a pleasure.
D. That’s all right. (Key: A)