一、對人稱代詞的考查
【考點小結】主要考查人稱代詞的主格和賓格的不同用法。做主語用主格,做動詞、介詞的賓語用賓格。
【中考題例】
1. Who taught ______math last year? (青島)
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
2. Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for ______, with ______best wishes. (濟南)
A. you, our B. us, your
C. you, yourD. us, our
二、對物主代詞的考查
【考點小結】主要考查形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞的不同用法。形容詞性物主代詞一般放在名詞前,做定語;名詞性物主代詞相當于”形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,所以它從不與名詞連用,在句中可用做主語、賓語或表語。
【中考題例】
—Is this your sweater, Joy?
—No, it’s not ______sweater. ______is yellow. (哈爾濱)
A. my, My B. my, Mine
C. mine, Mine D. mine, My
三、對it, that, one(ones), those等替代詞的考查
【考點小結】 it指上文出現的單數名詞。它還常做形式主語和形式賓語;one用做不定代詞時,常用來代替上文出現的單數名詞,所指事物與上文出現的單數名詞同類。one不可代替不可數名詞;that則常用來代替上文中出現的不可數名詞;those用來代替可數名詞的復數,相當于the ones。
【中考題例】
1. —Jim! Do you have a PC?
—Yes, I have______. And I bought ______last Sunday morning. (濟南)
A. it, thatB. it, one C. one, it D. one, this
2. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than ______made in America. (南京)
A. ones B. thoseC. that D. it
四、對不定代詞的考查
(1)對some與any不定代詞的考查。
【考點小結】一般說來,some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑問句中。但要注意:some在表示客氣的請求或希望得到對方的肯定回答時,也可用于疑問句中。
【中考題例】
1. —Do you have ______apples?
—No, I don’t, but I have ______oranges. (海南)
A. any, some B. some, any
C. any, anyD. some, some
2. —Your coffee smells good!
—It’s from Canada. Would you like______? (天津)
A. itB. someC. thisD. little
(2) 對few, little, a few, a little不定代詞的考查。
【考點小結】 few和a few修飾或代替復數可數名詞,few表示否定意義,a few表示肯定意義;little和a little修飾或代替不可數名詞,little表示否定意義,a little表示肯定意義。
【中考題例】
1. There is still ___ water in the bottle. It’s enough for both of us.(沈陽)
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
2. A lot of girls have tried, but ______have passed the exam. (唐山)
A. a fewB. few C. a littleD. little
(3)對other, the other, another, others等不定代詞的考查。
【考點小結】 another泛指三個或三個以上的人或物中的一個;the other指已知的兩個人或物的另一個。others泛指別的人或物;the others指一定范圍內的其余的人或物。若強調確定數目中的“一個……其余的”,用“one…the others(或the other+復數名詞)”結構。
【中考題例】
1. I don’t like the colors of the T—shirt. Would you show me ______one? (上海)
A. the otherB. othersC. another D. the others
2. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and ______is in China. (石家莊)
A. anotherB. otherC. others D. the other
(4)對由some, any, no, every加—thing, —body, —one等構成的復合不定代詞的考查。
【考點小結】 復合不定代詞有表示事物與表示人之分。表示事物的有something, anything, nothing, everything;表示人的有somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody等。一般來說,something, somebody, everything, everybody用于肯定句,anything, anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句;nothing, nobody本身具有否定意義,它們構成否定句。此外,如果everything, everybody用于否定句中,則表示部分否定。
【中考題例】
1. This machine is very easy to use. ______can learn to use it in a very short time. (濟南)
A. SomebodyB. Anybody
C. NobodyD. Few people
2. He said ______at the meeting and just sat there silently. (福州)
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything
(5)對all, both, either, neither, none等不定代詞的考查。
【考點小結】 all表示“三者或三者以上都”;both表示“兩者都”;與all相反的none表示“三者或三者以上都不”,與both相反的neither表示“兩者都不”。either表示“(兩者之中)任何一個”,可以與of連用。
【中考題例】
1. Jack, Sue and I will ______go to Sam’s birthday party. (南京)
A. both B. neitherC. allD. either
2. — Can you come and give us a talk on Thursday or Friday?
— I’m afraid ______day is possible. (鄭州)
A. either B. neither C. every D. any
五、對who, whose, whom, that, which等代詞的考查
【考點小結】重點要掌握who, whose, whom, that, which等代詞的基本用法。如:who(whom)提問的是人的身份;whose在句中做表語或定語;what指某人的身份或職業,等等。
【中考題例】
1. —______idea did you take?
—John’s. (南京)
A. What
B. Who
C.Where
D. Whose
2. Betty went to the museum and saw many pictures ______were drawn by a famous person. (貴陽)
A. that B. who
C. what D. whom