新目標七年級（上）Ｕｎｉｔｓ１—６重點語法歸納

姜經志

一、動詞be三兄弟，用法要分清。

be 是原形，搖身一變成 am, is, are。下面隆重推出一則口訣，幫你熟記動詞be的構成及用法：

我（I）用am, 你(you)用are,

is連著他(he), 她(she), 它(it)。

單數名詞用is, 復數名詞全用are。

變否定，很容易，be后not加上去。

變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。

還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。

[練習]用am, is或are填空。

1. What color ____ Jims shoes?

2. She and I ____ good friends.

3. There ____ a pen and two pencils in the pencil case.

4. I ____ in Class Two. Lily ____ in Class Four.

5. You ____ a teacher, arent you?

6. My father ____ a teacher of English.

7. ——Are you Li Ming? ——Yes, I ____.

8. Two and three ____ five.

9. ——Hi!Tom.

——Hi!Mike. This ____ my brother, George.

10. ——What ____ your name?

——My name ____ Zhao Jun.

[Key: 1.are 2.are 3.is 4.am, is 5.are 6.is 7.am 8.is 9.is 10.is, is]

二、怎樣排列“你、我、他”？

人稱代詞不一般，主賓分清記心間。

賓格常置動介后，主格常放謂語前。

單數人稱二三一，復數人稱一二三。

認錯道歉誰在前，責無旁貸“我（I）”領先。

單數男女同時到，男士反而放在前。

[練習]選擇填空。

1. ____ are at school today.

A. I and she B. She and me C. I and her D. She and I

2. ____ are in the same row.

A. You, he and I B. He, you and I

C. I, you and He D. You, I and he

3. Can you see ____?

A. he and she B. him and her C. her and I D. she and me

[Key: 1.D 2.A 3.B]

三、走進冠詞小家庭

說冠詞家庭小不是沒有道理的。你瞧：一個a, 一個an, 一個the。哈哈，沒有了。它分為不定冠詞（a, an）和定冠詞(the)兩種。a用在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前，如：a key(一把鑰匙), a jacket(一件夾克衫)，a quilt(一床被子)等；an用在以元音音素開頭的名詞前，如：an English book(一本英語書)，an orange(一個橘子)等。定冠詞the常用來特指某個或某些人或事物。例如： The key is yellow. 這把鑰匙是黃色的。當名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your等時不用冠詞。例如：this ruler (這把尺子)；在習慣用語前也不用冠詞，如:in English（用英語）等。

[練習]用a, an或the填空，不填處填寫/。

1. This is ____ baseball.

2. That is ____ egg.

3. Where is ____ teacher?

4. Mr Green is ____ old doctor.

5. What color is Peters ____ sweater?

6. We are in ____ Class One.

7. ____ sock is black.

8. I can see ____ “U”, ____ “R” and ____ “8” on the wall.

9. ——Do you like playing ____ football?

——Yes. Look! I have ____ football here.

10. Can you see ____ apple on the table?

11. Lucy and Lily are ____ sisters.

12. Look at ____ picture. Whos ____ man?

13. Do you have ____ e-mail address?

14. After ____ lunch, I have a rest.

15. What ____ funny time to eat breakfast!

[Key:1.a 2.an 3.the 4.an 5./ 6./ 7.The 8.a, an, an 9./, a 10.an 11./ 12.the, the 13.an 14./ 15.a]

四、物主代詞了不起，保衛名詞真神氣。

形容詞性物主代詞有：my(我的)，your(你的，你們的)，our（我們的），his(他的)，her(她的)，its(它的)，their(他們的)。使用形容詞性物主代詞應注意以下幾點：

1. 形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，后面必須跟名詞。

2. 如果名詞前用了形容詞性物主代詞，就不能再用冠詞(a, an, the)、指示代詞(this, that, these, those)等修飾詞了。

3. 與形容詞一起修飾名詞時，形容詞性物主代詞要放在形容詞的前面。例如：their Chinese friends他們的中國朋友。

[改錯]下列英語譯文均有一處錯誤，請改正。

1.那是你的自行車嗎？Is that your a bike?

2.那些是我們的書。Those are our the books.

3.這是他的蘋果。This is his an apple.

4.你的書在課桌上。Your those books are on the desk.

[Key: 1.去掉a 2.去掉the 3.去掉an 4.去掉those]

五、方位介詞不復雜，on, in, under有區別

在物體上面用on, 在物體里面用in, 在物體下面用under。例如：

The books are on the sofa. 書在沙發上。

What can you see in the picture? 在圖畫里你能看到什么？

Please put your bike under the tree. 請把你的自行車放在樹下。

[練習]根據漢語意思完成下列句子，每空一詞。

1. 你的鞋在地板上。

Your shoes are ____ the floor.

2. 你的雙肩背包里有什么？

Whats ____ your backpack?

3. 那些足球在床下面。

The footballs are ____ the bed.

[Key:1.on 2.in 3.under]

六、take, bring要分清，拿走帶來不能混。

take表示從說話人這里拿到別處，意思是“帶走”；bring表示從別處拿到說話人這里，意思是“帶來”。例如：

Im thirsty. Please bring me a cup of tea. 我渴了，請給我拿杯茶來。

I want to take some books to the classroom.

我想帶幾本書到教室里去。

[練習]用bring或take填空。

1. May I ____ this book home?

2. Next time you come, ____ your daughter.

3. Dont forget to ____ your homework tomorrow.

[Key: 1.take 2.bring 3.bring]

七、助動詞do很活躍，否定疑問樂參加。

助動詞do無實義，單三does有變化，

否定形式dont和doesnt, 后接動詞原形勿忘記。例如：

Do you do your homework every day? 你每天都做家庭作業嗎？

He doesnt play football on Monday. 他星期一不踢足球。

[練習] 根據漢語意思完成下列句子，每空一詞。

1. 你喜歡這本書嗎？

____ you like this book?

2. 她晚上看電視嗎?

____ she watch TV in the evening?

3. 凱特不喜歡足球。

Kate ____ ____ football.

4. 他們什么時間吃午飯？

What time ____ they have lunch?

5. 你父親七點去上班嗎？

____ your father ____ to work at seven oclock?

[Key:1.Do 2.Does 3.doesnt like 4.do 5.Does, go]

八、名詞單數變復數，千萬別弄錯。

名詞單數變復數，一般加-s沒有錯。

詞尾若是s, x, ch, sh, 直接加上-es。

詞尾若是f/fe，加-s之前要變-ve。

“輔音字母+y”來結尾，變y為i有道理。

再加-es沒問題。詞尾字母若是o，

加-es有tomato和potato。

[練習]

一、寫出下列名詞的復數形式。

1. address____ 2. photo____ 3. apple____

4. watch____ 5. boy____ 6. class____

7. day____ 8. bus____ 9. banana____

10. city____ 11. birthday____ 12. key____

13. party____ 14. dictionary____ 15. man____

16. family____ 17. policeman____ 18. child____

19. tomato____ 20. wish____ 21. Chinese____

22. girl friend____ 23. sweater____ 24. shoe____

25. pencil case ____

二、用所給名詞的適當形式填空。

1. I have some ____(pencil-box).

2. How many ____(people) are there in your family?

3. There are twenty ____(class) in our school.

4. Where are the two ____(man) ____(worker)?

5. There are thirty-two ____(boy) ____(student) in our class.

6. Whose ____(box) are those?

7. Tomorrow is ____(teacher) Day.

8. She has three ____(knife).

9. There are two ____(ring). They are my mothers.

10. Are there any ____(apple tree) on the hill?

三、選擇填空。

1. Are there any ____ in the room?

A. childs B. chairs C. bus D. apples trees

2. There are forty ____ and nine hundred ____ in our school.

A. woman teachers; girl student

B. women teachers; girls students

C. women teachers; girl students

D. women teachers; girls student

3. Is that an ____ car?

A. Chinese B. Japanese C. English D. Beijing

4. Mrs. Greens coat is ____.

A. orange B. an orange C. the orange D. oranges

5. Is your English teacher ____?

A. a man, a woman B. men or women

C. a man or a woman D. men and women

6. Where are the ____?

A. boys B. boy C. boies D. boyes

7. There are two ____ in the city.

A. cars factory B. car factories

C. cars factories D. cars factories

8. She was born(出生) in Wuhan, but Zhengzhou has become(成為) her second ____.

A. house B. family C. home D. place

Key(5)