非延續性動詞與延續性動詞之間的轉換

張　濤

在英語中，work，study，keep，live，know，wait等動詞表示的動作或狀態是可以延續的，被稱為延續性動詞。在動詞的現在完成時態中，延續性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用，但是，像come，go，arrive，leave，buy，join，die，begin等動詞表示的動作是短暫的，不可延續的，被稱為非延續性動詞，它們不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。同學們在使用這兩類動詞作謂語動詞時，常常出錯。例如：

(誤) Li Ming has bought the book for three days.

(正) Li Ming has had the book for three days.

(誤) My father had joined the Party ten years ago.

(正) My father has been in the Party for ten years.

如果要表示動作的延續性，就要把非延續性動詞轉換成相應的延續性動詞或短語，具體轉換如下：

come/go/reach/arrive → be in/at，leave → be away from，borrow → keep，buy → have，join → be in/be a member of，die → be dead，start/begin → be on，finish/end → be over，open → be open(adj.)，close → be closed (adj.)，marry → be married

使用這兩類動詞時，我們還應注意以下兩個問題：

1. 非延續性動詞的否定式可以與for，since引起的時間狀語連用。例如：

She hasnt bought any new clothes since last year.

2. 非延續性動詞不能與for，since引起的表示一段時間的狀語連用，但可以用其他句式來表示同一意思。例如：

He has been away from Beijing for two years.

= He left Beijing two years ago.

= It is two years since he left Beijing.

= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.

鞏固練習：用現在完成時改寫下列句子，使A，B兩句意思基本一致。每空填一詞。

1. A. They came to our school in 1980.

B. They______________________our school since 1980.

2. A. The man died five years ago.

B. The man______________________for five years.

3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago.

B. The meeting______________________for two minutes.

Key：1. have，been，in 2. has，been，dead 3. has，been，on