易混詞語與中考零距離

許振鐸

1. loud/aloud/loudly

[詞語辨析]這三個詞均為“聲音大”。1）loud可作形容詞成副詞，表示“聲音響亮”，用作副詞時，常與read, laugh, talk, speak等動詞搭配，置于其后； 2）aloud用作副詞，指“出聲”，讓人聽見，常與speak, shout, read, think等動詞搭配； 3）loudly是副詞，含貶義，尤指“吵鬧地，喧嚷地”，可與任何表示聲響的動詞搭配。

［中考真題］

Please speak a little ____. I cant hear you clearly.（山東省）

A. aloud B. louder C. loud D. loudlier

[答案] B

2. like/enjoy

[詞語辨析]二者均表示“喜歡”，但用法不同：1)like是一般用語，不帶有強烈感情色彩，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式作賓語。常用句式為like sth./doing sth./to do sth.。 2）enjoy在意思上更側重于“享受樂趣”，后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。常用句式為enjoy sth./doing sth.。

［中考真題］

1. Im very thirsty. Id ____ some water. (北京市)

A. like B. love C. want D. read

2. He doesnt enjoy ____（listen） to the light music.（江蘇省）

3. Did he enjoy himself yesterday? （同義替換）(北京市)

A. have a rest B. have a good time

C. have time D. have a swim

[答案]1.A 2.listening 3.B

3. kind of/a kind of/all kinds of

[詞語辨析]1）kind of通常跟不帶不定冠詞a/an的單數名詞或復數名詞，表示“種類”；kind of還常用于口語，意為“有幾分，稍稍”。2）a kind of“一種”； 3）all kinds of “各種各樣的”。

［中考真題］

What ____ movie do you like? (山東省)

A. kinds of B. kind of C. kinds on D. kind on

[答案] B

4. just now/right now/from now on/now and then

[詞語辨析]1）just now“剛才，不久之前”，常與一般過去時連用；2）right now“立刻、馬上”，相當于right away; 3）from now on“從今以后”，多用于一般將來時；4）now and then“時而，不時”。

［中考真題］

1. ——Hello, may I speak to Miss Smith?

——Im sorry. She left here ____. (黃岡市)

A. just now B. now and then C. right now D. from now on

2. Tom was here just now. He may have gone to the reading room.（同義詞替換）(河北省)

A. at the moment B. just then

C. a short time ago D. right away

[答案]1.A 2.C

5. join/take part in

[詞語辨析]這兩個詞均表示“參加、加入”，但含義有別：1)join指加入某一黨派、團體、人群中的一員，相當于become member of。2)take part in表示“參加某項運動、比賽、活動或事件，并在活動中負有責任”。例如：

［中考真題］

1. China ____ the WTO and became a new member of it last year. (北京市)

A. joined B. join C. will join D. was joined

2. Some students are expected to ____ the English evening.

A. take part in B. take C. join D. go

[答案]1.A 2.A

6. interest/interested/interesting

[詞語辨析]三者均與“興趣”有關，但用法不同：1）interest用作不可數名詞，意思是“興趣、趣味”，用作可數名詞意思是“愛好”，用作動詞時意思為“使（人）發生興趣”，其主語多為事物。2）interested是形容詞，有被動意味，“對……感興趣的”，主語通常是人，多用于be/become/get/feel interested in結構中。3）interesting也是形容詞，有主動意味，“令人感興趣的”，作表語時主語通常是物。作定語時，既可修飾人，也可修飾物。

［中考真題］

1. Edison was ____ in science when he was young. (貴州省)

A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest

2. I dont like this film. Its ____ that one.（北京市）

A. as interesting as B. less interesting as

C. more interesting than D. not so interesting as

3. Listening to music is one of his greatest ____ in his free time. （據意填詞）(鎮江市)

4. Skating seems to be Marys only ____ (興趣) in her life. (大連市)

[答案]1.B 2.D 3.interests(可數名詞） 4.interest

7.instead/instead of

[詞語辨析]這兩個“代替”，前者為副詞，后者為介詞短語。instead of還含有“對比”之意，譯成漢語時“代替”不一定譯出。注意：instead of后常接名詞、代詞、動名詞或介詞短語。

［中考真題］

1. She doesnt want that book. She wants this one. (同義句轉換)

She wants this book ____ ____ that one. (廣東省)

2. Ann didnt laugh at me. ____, she helped me a lot.(河南省)

［答案］1.instead of 2.Instead

8. in front of/in the front of

[詞語辨析]兩者都表示“在……前”，但含義不同。1）in front of表示“在某物外部的前面”；2）in the front of表示“在某物靠前的部位，即內部之前”。

［中考真題］

1. The man ____ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.(內蒙古)

A. in front of B. in the front of

C. at the back of D. behind

2. I sat ____ the classroom, so that I heard the teacher very clearly.

A. in front of B. behind C. in the front of D. at the back of

[答案]1.A 2.C

9. if/whether

[詞語辨析]if與whether均可引導賓語從句，作“是否”解，當賓語從句是肯定或疑問句時，if與whether可換用。下列情況只能用whether: 1)從句中有or not時；2）從句作介詞賓語時；3）引導主語從句和表語從句時；4）在不定式前。注意：if可引導時間狀語從句，而whether則不可。

［中考真題］

1. I dont know ____ he still lives here.(沈陽市)

A. where B. what C. when D. whether

2. I wonder ____ it is worth ____. (煙臺市)

A. that; reading B. if; reading

C. that; to read D. whether; to read

3. I dont know ____ (是否) he will come. (嘉興市)

［答案］1.D 2.B 3.whether/if

10. hear of/hear from

[詞語辨析]1）hear of“聽說，聽到”，強調從別人那里間接得知； 2）hear from“收到某人的來信”，后常接表示人的單詞或名詞。

［中考真題］

1. Jack likes to ____ others but never writes to them.(廈門市)

A. hear B. hear of C. hear about D. hear from

2. If you dont ____ me by two oclock today, it means I wont be coming.(廣州市)

A. hear B. hear of C. hear from D. hear about

[答案]1.D 2.C

11. have to/must

[詞語辨析]1）have to主要強調外界客觀“必須”“不得不”做某事，不用于進行時態，且有人稱和數的變化；2）must通常強調主觀看法，認為“應該、必須”，還可表示猜測，意為“一定（肯定）是”；其否定形式為mustnt，意為“一定不要、禁止”，所以回答Must的疑問句，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。

［中考真題］

1. You ____ play football in the street. Its dangerous.(山東省)

A. cant B. must C. neednt D. mustnt

2. Cars, buses and bikes ____ stop when the traffic lights change to red.(上海市)

A. can B. may C. must D. need

3. ——Must I go with them tomorrow?

——No, you ____. (江蘇省)

A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant

4. ——I cant stop playing computer games.

——For your health, Im afraid you ____. (南昌市)

A. can B. may C. must D. have to

[答案]1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D

12. have gone to/have been to/have been in

[詞語辨析]1）have gone to“到某地去了”，說話時該人不在現場，主語為第三人稱；2）have been to“曾經去過某地”，表示一段經歷，含“現在已離開那兒”的意思，后可接次數（如once, three times等），也可與just, ever等連用；3）have been in“到某地多長時間了”，常與時間段連用。

［中考真題］

1. ——Is that Jack speaking?

——Sorry, he isnt in right now. He ____ the cinema with his aunt.（北京市）

A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to

2. ——Why is your foreign teachers Chinese so good?

——Because he ____ China for eight years. (浙江省)

A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in

3. ——I ____ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?

——Never. I hope to visit it soon. (福州市)

A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone D. have been

[答案]1.B 2.D 3.B

13. happen/take place

[詞語辨析]兩個詞均表示“發生”。相同點是：1）均為不及物動詞，不能出現在被動語態中；2）以具體事為主語時，二者可換用。不同點：happen+不定式有“碰巧”的意思，指偶然發生；take place指預先策劃好的“發生”，并引申為“舉行”。

［中考真題］

1. Listen!The radio says a serious accident ____ (happen) last night. (南通市)

2. Do you know ____ over there? (煙臺市)

A. what happens B. what was happened

C. what is happening D. what did happen

3. When will the meeting ____?

A. take place B. happen

C. be taken place D. be happened

[答案]1.happened 2.C 3.A

14. go on/go on with/go on doing/go on to do

[詞語辨析]1）前三者均有“繼續做一件事”，“進行下去”之意，go on后一般是句號或逗號，即不再接其它詞；而go on with后接名詞或代詞，當go on后還有動詞時則把該動詞變為動名詞，就出現了go on doing (sth.)；2）go on to do (sth.) 意思是“接著做（另一件事）”。

［中考真題］

It was getting dark, but the farmers worked on in the field.（四川省）

A. went on to work B. went on workingC. went on

[答案]B

15. else/other

[詞語辨析]這兩個“其它的”用法不同：1）else用在who, whose, what等疑問代詞之后，或something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞后作定語，作副詞時，用在when, where后作狀語； 2）other作形容詞時常用在名詞或代詞前作定語；the other指兩者中的另一個。

［中考真題］

1. Bob jumps farther than ____ in his class.(黑龍江省)

A. any other boys B. the other boys

C. any boy D. another boy

2. Except some birds, what ____ (別的) can you see in the sky?

(貴陽市)

［答案］1.B 2.else

16. can/be able to

［詞語辨析］be able to與can都表示具有某種能力，譯為“可以，有能力”。can是情態動詞，沒有人稱和數的變化,沒有將來時和完成時，can可表示對過去事情的猜測，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。而be able to 可與will, shall, have 構成將來時和完成時。

［中考真題］

1. She will ____ finish the work tomorrow.（山西）

A. can B. is able to C. could D. be able to

2. Henry ____ be at home because he phoned me from the farm just

now.（天津）

A. mustnt B. isnt able to C. may not D. cant

［答案］1.D 2.D

17. besides/except/except for/but

[詞語辨析]1)except “除……以外”，即把除去的部分減去，不能用于句首。2)but“把……除外”，“不包括”。用法基本與except相同。3)besides“除了……還有……”，“再加上”，即把除去的部分加上。4)except for “除了”，“只有”。用于說明基本情況后，而在細節上加以修正，相當于except+that從句。

［中考真題］

1. Wheres Lily? We are all here ____ her.（遼寧）

A. beside B. about C. except D. with

2. Bens composition is almost perfect ____ several spelling mistakes.（濰坊）

A. except B. except for C. besides D. beside

［答案］1.C 2.B