初探定語從句

劉曉靜

中考英語對定語從句的考查主要是考查關系詞的選用，所以我們首先要弄清關系詞的分類：

關系代詞：that，which，who，whom，whose

關系副詞：where，when，why

要想弄清定語從句中關系詞的選用，就必須依照下列步驟對其進行分析判斷：

第一步：找出先行詞和關系詞。例如：

Tom told his father all that had happened.

其中that had happened是定語從句，all是先行詞，that是關系代詞。

The room where he lives is a large one.

其中where he lives是定語從句，The room是先行詞，where是關系副詞。

第二步：確定關系詞在定語從句中充當的成分。

1) 作主語——關系代詞——先行詞指人——who/that

先行詞指物——which/that 例如：

I know the girl who/that has long hair.

This is the dog that/which you lost yesterday.

2) 作賓語——關系代詞——先行詞指人——who/whom/that

先行詞指物——which/that 例如：

I dont know the man who/that/whom my father is talking to.

I like the music that/which I can dance to.

3) 作定語——關系代詞whose。 例如：

Do you know the girl whose hair is curly？

4) 作時間狀語——關系副詞when (= in/at/on which)。 例如：

Do you remember the year when/in which I was born.

I will never forget the day when/on which the old man died.

5) 作地點狀語——關系副詞where(in/on/at which)。 例如：

This is the factory where/in which he works.

The park where/in which he likes taking a walk was built in 1678.

6) 作原因狀語——先行詞通常是reason——關系副詞why (= for which)。 例如：

This is the reason why/for which I was late.

第三步：在下列場合只能用that引導定語從句。

1) 先行詞是all ，little，much，none，everything等代詞時。例如：

All that glitters is not gold.

2) 先行詞前面有the only，the very，the last，序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。例如：

The girl is the only person that came here on time.

3) 兩個先行詞中既有人又有物時。例如：

Do you remember the people and the stories that he talked about yesterday？

4) 主句是以which引起的特殊疑問句時。例如：

Which is the book that you want to borrow？