楊丹江
1. New Zealand has a mild sea climate,while the north is subtropical. (Page 38)
【考點1】 climate的用法。
【高考鏈接】 For the sake ofher daughters health,she decided to move to a warm ______.(上海2006春)
A. weatherB. temperature
C. seasonD. climate
【歸納】 climate此處意為“氣候”,既可作可數名詞,又可作不可數名詞。它還有“有某種天氣情況的地區”之意。此處climate為上述的第二個釋義。 weather意為“天氣”,是不可數名詞;temperature意為“氣溫,溫度,體溫”,不符合句意;season意為“季節”,不能和move搭配。
【考點2】 句中while表示對比,意為“而,當……卻……”。
【高考鏈接】I do every single bit of housework______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. (NMET 2007 II)
A. since B. whileC. when D. as
【歸納】 while 連接兩個并列句子,表示“對比”關系。
例如: He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家里。
I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞。
2. The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs,some of which throw hot water high into the air. (Page 38)
【考點】 of which引導的是非限制性定語從句。
【高考鏈接1】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% ______ are sold abroad. (遼寧 2007)
A. of whichB. which of
C. of them D. of that
【高考鏈接2】 There are two buildings,______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (湖北 2007)
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that
D. the larger of which
【歸納】 of which引導的是非限制性定語從句。在定語從句中,基于意義上的需要,可以在some,any,several,many,most,all,both,neither,none,half,one等詞和形容詞比較級、最高級之后接of whom或of which.
3. It is a good thing that New Zealand helps the Maori to keep their own language and culture. (Page 40)
【考點】 句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導的從句。
【高考鏈接1】In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(上海2007)
A. this B. that C. thereD. it
【高考鏈接2】The Foreign Minister said,“______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(北京 2007)
A. This is B. There is
C. That isD. It is
【歸納】 當句子的主語是動詞不定式或從句時,通常把it用作形式主語放在句首而把真正的主語不定式或從句放在后面。句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導的從句。
4. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer ……(Page 42)
【考點】 turn to是固定短語,此處意為“開始干,轉向”,to是介詞,其后接名詞或動詞?-ing形式。turn to還有“找(某人尋求幫助等);查閱(某書),求助于”之意。
【高考鏈接】 In the dark street,there wasnt a single person ______ she could turn for help. (NMET 2007 II)
A. that B. who
C. from whomD. to whom
【歸納】 此處主要考查對固定短語turn to sb. for help的識別。原句可還原為there wasnt a single person whom she could turn to for help。此處為介詞to提前,構成“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句。關系代詞whom指代先行詞a single person,在從句中作賓語。
在高中階段的英語學習中,常常會遇見許多含有to的短語,而其中有些短語所含的to為介詞,他的后面要求接名詞、動名詞或代詞。往往容易將這種情況與不定式相混淆,為了區別記憶,現歸納如下:
1. access to 接近,進入(某地的)方法; 通路
2. according to 按照,依照,視……而定
3. be addicted to 沉溺于……,對……上癮
4. belong to 屬于
5. contribute to 為……做貢獻,為……撰稿
6. devote to 獻身,致力于……
7. due to 因為,由于……而起
8. be equal to 與……相當,有能力勝任……的
9. get close to 靠近,接近
10. get down to 開始做某事,認真處理某事
11. hold to 忠于……,堅持,遵循
12. help oneself to 自取,自用(食物,飲料等)
13. look forward to 盼望,期待
14. lead to 導致
15. prefer…to…(兩者間)更喜歡……
16. pay attention to 注意
17. refer to 提到,涉及到,關系到,參考,查閱
18. relate to 與……有關,涉及……
19. see to 照看或處理某事物
20. stick to 堅持,不改變或不放棄
21. turn to 轉向,求助于,轉而做
22. be used to 習慣于……,適應……
5.These happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing.(Page )
【考點1】 v-ing做介詞賓語的用法。
【高考鏈接1】Isnt it time you got down to______ the papers?(重慶2006)
A. mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
【歸納】:got down to中的to是介詞因而要用動名詞作賓語,而動名詞marking與其邏輯主語you是主動關系。
【高考鏈接2】 You cant imagine what
difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. (遼寧2007)
A. walkedB. walkC. to walk D.walking
【歸納】:have difficulty in doing sth.結構的一種變化形式。用動名詞作介詞的賓語。
【考點2】另外,v-ing名詞性功能有:在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等。例如:
【高考鏈接1】 Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview.______ the answers ready will be of great help.(北京2007)
A. To have had B. Having had
C. HaveD. Having
【歸納】:動名詞 “Having the answers ready” 作主語。動詞不定式也可以做主語,但顯然這兒不可用完成形式,所以選A是錯誤的。
【高考鏈接2】 When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______.(北京2007)
A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
【歸納】:remember 接 to do與doing做賓語的區別:remember doing回憶起過去做過的事;remember to do記住要做的事。
【高考鏈接3】 I cant stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She justrefuses____ talking while she works. (北京2006)
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stoppin
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
【歸納】:stand在這里表示“忍受”,后面要求用動名詞作賓語,而refuse要用不定式作賓語。