議論文

寫法指導(dǎo)

議論文是用來(lái)論述某個(gè)道理，闡明某種觀點(diǎn)的一種文體。對(duì)議論文的要求是：觀點(diǎn)正確，論據(jù)充分，語(yǔ)言精練，論證合理，有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。

議論文主要包括三個(gè)要素：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證方法。論點(diǎn)是指需要證實(shí)的問(wèn)題；論證是指闡述道理以理服人；論據(jù)就是用于論證的具有說(shuō)服力的事實(shí)和證據(jù)。寫議論文的方法可歸納為：歸納法，推理法，對(duì)照法和駁論法等。

議論文中的記敘和描寫是為論點(diǎn)提供根據(jù)的。因此，記敘應(yīng)該是概括的，描寫應(yīng)該是簡(jiǎn)要的。

例文一： The Ways for Studying

The aim of students coming to school is to study. But to study requires a right way; otherwise you waste either time or money. The following are the ways of studying:

1. The best time for reading is morning， because in the morning the air is fresh and the thought is clean. We can therefore get good results.

2. In studying，we must have patience. If you have not known well a chapter，you must read it again. You shouldn't read the second chapter till you have realized the first one.

3. When you are studying， you must concentrate your mind on the book. You can not study only by mouth when you are absent of mind. Or you can get nothing from the book while you are reading.

4. You must always ask \"why\" if it is not well understood， write it down and ask your teacher or your parents or your brother or your friend. Anyhow you ought to realize it throughly， thus your knowledge can be improved.

Though there are many ways of studying，the above mentioned will be quite enough if you can practice them.

例文二：Smoking Is Harmful

Many Chinese men smoke. Out of excitement or anger， they smoke heavily. For most people， especially the females， the smell of smoking is terrible. What's more， smoking contributes to air pollution， harmful to nonsmokers as well as smokers. Cigarettes with nicotine in them can cause bronchitis， pneumonia and even cancer.

Smoking being equivalent to committing suicide， people should give it up in order to live longer. But I am sorry to say many people who know its danger quite well can not rid themselves of it.

佳作展示：I Paid Dearly for My Carelessness

I know I'm a very careless boy.What happened not long ago once more proved how careless I was.

Last week we had an examination in physics. I had studied this subject very hard and had made rapid progress， so I had every reason to expect a high score for the exam. After the exam， I thought I had done quite well， for all the questions seemed relatively easy to me. However，when the graded paper was returned to me， I could hardly believe my eyes， my score was only 91 (The full score was 120 ). What was the matter? When I checked the paper carefully， I was shocked to find that I had lost the whole score on the item of filling up blanks. I had simply left all the blanks unfilled because of care lessness. I wondered how it had been possible for me to have made such an unexcused mistake. Nevertheless， it was an undeniable fact in black and white!

I realized the reason why I had failed to achieve a higher score was my carelessness， which had let me down several times. It was no use trying to defend myself by saying that I could have done much better if I had been more careful. The only thing I should do is that I must get rid of this bad habit. I know it is difficult to break away from a bad habit. But just as the saying goes，\"Where there is a will， there is a way.\" Now I've made up my mind to break myself of this bad habit and I have perfect confidence in my self for I've paid dearly for it. And I know if I fail to do so， I'll never become a successful man.

譯文

我為粗心大意付出了高昂代價(jià)

我知道自己是一個(gè)馬大哈。不久前發(fā)生的一樁事再次證明了我有多么粗心。

上周我們進(jìn)行了物理測(cè)驗(yàn)。這個(gè)學(xué)科我學(xué)得很努力，也取得了很大的進(jìn)步，因而我有充分的理由期待考高分。考試完畢，我想所有問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)似乎都比較容易，我感到考得相當(dāng)好。然而，評(píng)分試卷發(fā)下來(lái)時(shí)，我簡(jiǎn)直不能相信自己的眼睛：我的成績(jī)僅為91分(滿分120)。這是怎么回事？我仔細(xì)查對(duì)試卷時(shí)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，那道填空題分全丟了。由于粗心，所有的空白都漏填了。我不知道我怎么可能出現(xiàn)這樣不可原諒的錯(cuò)誤。可是白紙黑字，這是毋庸置疑的事實(shí)。

我認(rèn)識(shí)到了未獲高分的原因——是粗心大意使得我希望落空。自己因?yàn)榇中拇笠舛∫呀?jīng)不止一次了。找借口說(shuō)要是能細(xì)心就會(huì)做得好得多來(lái)為自己辯護(hù)是無(wú)濟(jì)于事的。我應(yīng)做的唯一事情是必須改掉壞習(xí)慣。……