林正秋：傳播地方史文化的大忙人

今年4月24日在杭州舉行的“雷峰塔與名人文化學術研討會”上，一位滿頭銀發、溫文爾雅的學者，以一篇《雷峰塔歷史文化雜談》為題的發言語驚四座，受到與會專家、學者的高度評價。

這位學者以翔實的史料，無可辯駁的論證，對雷峰塔的歷史、名稱的由來、吳越國王為雷峰塔的撰記及最初白娘子與雷峰塔的關系作了有力的論證，為雷峰塔的研究提供了一份厚重的學術成果。他，就是年已71歲的杭州師范大學歷史系教授、杭州古都文化研究會會長林正秋。

林正秋在歷時50余年的浙江地方史研究陣地上，成果斐然。他認為研究地方史，是對整個歷史研究的補充，對地方經濟、文化的發展必然會產生重大影響，于是他全身心地投入了進去，且一鉆研就是50余年，回報是豐厚的：從學術研究的角度言，他幾乎對浙江乃至杭州的地方史作了一次系統的、翻箱倒柜式的研究，內容涵蓋了浙江的經濟、文化、建筑、人口、歷代書院、海外貿易、古都杭州、歷代名人、旅游、飲食等地方歷史文化，在他長達近1000萬字的著述中，有《浙江經濟文化史研究》《浙江歷史文化研究》《南宋都城臨安研究》《杭州歷史與文化》《浙江旅游文化大全》等代表性著作30多部。就學術價值而言，他創造了許多個第一，也就是說在許多先人未曾涉足的領域，他都涉足了，成了第一個吃螃蟹的人。上世紀80年代初國家第一次搞人口普查，浙江省要他搞一個全省人口歷史研究，他接受任務后參考了200多部地方志書，從研究人口與當時社會的關系入手，準確地計算出浙江從西漢的70萬人口到鴉片戰爭爆發前的3000萬人口的演變史，受到有關部門的好評，被評為省社科二等獎，并收入了“中國人口叢書”；對于浙江歷代狀元研究，也是他的一大亮點。他研究得出的結論是：浙江在全國的狀元中是最多的，從隋唐至光緒的1300年中，全國共產生675人，浙江就有65人，約占十分之一，這對研究、借鑒浙江歷史上的教育，有著積極的意義；他對杭州的歷史與文化的研究，尤其是對吳越國、南宋的研究非常全面和系統。他從杭州的起源談起，再從西湖的疏浚史、園林建設、科技史略、烹飪史話到杭州名人、佛教、地名等方面，把2000余年的杭州發展史作了科學的、歷史的總結。此項研究成果受到當時的建設部領導好評，認為能把一座城市的建設史分階段寫出來，杭州帶了個好頭。

林正秋的浙江地方史文化研究走的不是一條純經院式的書齋研究路子，他始終將地方史放到現代社會的大環境中去，將歷史與現代有機地結合起來，盡量將科研成果轉化為生產力，為現代社會所用。可以說從歷史長河中考察，任何朝代對歷史的研究都在經意或不經意地為當時社會服務，只是研究者有些是自覺的，有些是不自覺的，林正秋正是這么一位充滿了智慧、清醒的當代地方史文化研究者。

早在上世紀80年代初林正秋在任杭師院地方史文化研究所所長時，他對自己的研究就提出了“新、深、實用”的三點要求?！靶隆笔侵竷热菪拢行掳l現、新史料、新觀點，決不人云亦云；“深”是指研究一定要沉下去，要有“掘地三尺”的精神，探求其中的因果關系，對某種文化現象主張放在當時社會的政治、經濟大背景中去考察，絕不“淺嘗輒止”，以得出一個符合歷史的科學結論；“實用”是指“古為今用”，盡量將地方史文化研究成果直接應用到現實社會中去。

縱觀林正秋的浙江地方史文化研究，他的每一部著作、每一個科研成果幾乎都閃耀著這三個觀點的光芒。當我國的改革開放、現代化建設剛起步時，林正秋的《浙江經濟文化史研究》出版了，書從原始的稻谷、絲綢的發祥到隋唐經濟的發展，最后到明清商品經濟與資本主義萌芽，對近8000年的浙江經濟文化史作了很好的闡述，為浙江特色經濟的繁榮作出了貢獻；在城市化建設高潮中，當房地產作為一項新興產業掀起時，林正秋推出了《浙江古代建筑史略》一文，他希望浙江的城市化建設能多繼承一些浙江歷史上優秀傳統建筑風格，多一些地域文化的印記；他的《古剎靈隱》《西溪的歷史與文化》《杭州與西湖歷史》都是為了響應杭州市政府保護這些景點而寫的。有關部門也從他的著作中吸收、借鑒了許多有益的東西，使這些景點的保護少走了不少彎路。最明顯的例子是杭州三墩酒廠在研制宋代酒時一時迷失了方向，后在林正秋的指導下，很快研制出了中國宋代的“東坡蜜酒”，榮獲全國首屆食品博覽會三等獎；此外，他為樓外樓等多家菜館研制的南宋菜肴達30多種，其中既有宮廷菜又有民間菜，受到海內外游客的一致好評，也引起中央電視臺等多家媒體的關注，一時傳為美談。

在林正秋的所有著作中，他自認為有兩本書的作用最大，這就是《南宋都城臨安研究》和《浙江旅游與文化》。前者的出版對促進、保護杭州這座歷史文化名城起到了舉足輕重的作用，對新一輪杭州的城市布局產生很大影響，以致該書出版后的相當長時間內，讓他成了杭州市政府有關部門的座上賓，對于各種文化遺址的保護以及景觀景點的建設開發，都請他到場，請他指導，他成了一位傳播地方史文化的大忙人；《浙江旅游與文化》一書的出版也使他火爆了一陣子，旅游作為一門新興的朝陽產業，在開發景點、建造賓館等方面無現成的經驗可取，《浙江旅游文化大全》正好幫了這個忙，它為各地景觀景點的建設起到了雪中送炭的作用。

由于林正秋的地方史文化研究具有強烈的針對性、實用性與操作性，這使他成了遠近聞名、炙手可熱的新聞人物。這幾年他的足跡不僅在杭州，也走遍了全省各地，就連鄰省的江蘇、安徽、江西等地，也爭相邀請他去指導，最近幾年日本、韓國、美國等研究地方史的專家學者也頻頻前來造訪，林正秋的名字已為國外同仁所認同，他對西湖的保護工程、運河的保護工程、靈隱景點的開發、雷峰塔的建設等，都傾注了一個專家應盡的責任。

如今，已是暮年的林正秋壯志不減，他告訴筆者，隨著我國對文化多樣性的重視，地方史文化研究必將日益彰顯出它的重要性，地方史文化研究大有可為。鑒于此，由他出任會長的杭州古都文化研究會正集聚了一批有關專家學者，決心為杭州和浙江的地方史文化研究作出新的貢獻。

A Scholar of Local Cultural Past

Wang Anxiang

Today， probably no one knows more about the history of Thunder Peak Pagoda in Hangzhou than does Lin Zhengqiu. It is certainly neither because the 71-year-old is a professor of history at Hangzhou Teachers College nor because he is director of Hangzhou Research Association for the Ancient Capital Culture.

Lin’s thorough historical knowledge of the Thunder Peak Pagoda was fully substantiated by a dissertation he delivered on the ancient pagoda and cultural celebrities at an academic seminar held in Hangzhou on 24th April， 2007.

This dissertation， however， is only a small part of Lin’s encyclopedic expertise of local histories of the Zhejiang Province， which has been the focus of his passion and academic commitment over the last five decades and more.

Lin’s interest in local histories bespeaks his faith that studies of local histories can contribute to the understanding of the overall picture of our national past.

Over the past fifty years， Lin has gone through all the relevant issues concerning Zhejiang in general and Hangzhou in particular. He has systematically explored details of local economy， culture， architecture， population， academies， international trade， Hangzhou as the national capital， cultural celebrities， tourism， and cuisines. So far Professor Lin has published more than 30 books in over 10 million words.

Many of his research results have been the first in historical studies. For example， he was commissioned in the 1980s by the provincial government to study changes in the population in Zhejiang since ancient times. He went through over 200 local histories of the province and wrapped up a history about the population changes in the province. According to his research， Zhejiang had about 700，000 residents in the Western Han period (206B.C.-24A.D.) and around 30 million before the first Opium War in 1840. His research paper relates population changes over nearly two millennia in the province. It was later included in a series on Chinese population.

Zhejiang is known to have been a province of scholars. Lin has found supporting evidences about the province’s academic glory through his research of the total number of Zhuangyuan， number one graduate of the Imperial Palace Examination that Zhejiang produced in the ancient times. According to Lin， a total of 675 scholars won the highest national honor over a period of 1，300 years in China and Zhejiang ranked first in claiming 65 of them， nearly one tenth of the national total. This research helps further understand the ancient education practices and achievement in the province.

Lin Zhengqiu conducts his research in the principle that results should be new， thorough and practicable. For him， historical research is not just to rediscover facts and numbers. First， he wants new conclusions， new viewpoints， and new historical facts. Second， he prefers thoroughness in his research and leaves no stone unturned in every subject he studies. He wants to discover causal relations， wants to view a cultural phenomenon against a larger background of social， political and economic events， and wants all his conclusions to conform to the real past. And finally， he wants his research results to be highly useful today.

Lin’s achievements reflect his principles. His research on the History of Zhejiang’s Economy discusses the subject thoroughly from rice to silk to commercial prosperity in Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties up to the budding capitalism in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties， spanning a period of nearly 8，000 years.

Lin’s publication of A Brief History of Ancient Architecture in Zhejiang coincided with the surging of the real estate business in the province. He hopes that the province-wide urbanization should retain the finest elements of the province’s ancient architectural tradition. His researches on the Temple of Soul’s Retreat， West Brook Wetland， the West Lake and Hangzhou City responded to the city’s initiatives to preserve the above-mentioned sites. Government departments concerned have adopted many useful tips from his research results and successfully avoided some pitfalls.

Under his guidance， a winery in Hangzhou has successfully reproduced a honey wine once popular in Hangzhou when the city was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). Also with the help of Lin， a few high-profile restaurants in the city have redeveloped over 30 dishes of the Southern Song Dynasty. These home-made dishes and palace dishes have become favorites of tourists from home and abroad. CCTV and some other television stations have made features on these cuisine developments.

Lin Zhengqiu is particularly proud of two books he wrote: A Research on Lin誥n as Capital of Southern Song Dynasty and The Culture and Tourism of Zhejiang. The former has played a key role in promoting and protecting Hangzhou for its fame as a city of history and culture. For a long time after the book came out， Lin busily attended scores of meetings with various departments of the city government on the issues of the protection of cultural sites and development of scenic sites. The latter has made him a much-sought-for consultant for suggestions and opinions on tourism development plans.

Due to the applicable feature of his research， Lin has become a well known consultant. His footprints can be seen everywhere across Zhejiang in general and Hangzhou in particular. Moreover， he is frequently invited to neighboring provinces such as Jiangsu， Anhui， and Jiangxi for consultancy on tourism development. Foreign scholars often visit him. Lin’s contribution has been highly recognized in the projects of West Lake， Grand Canal， Temple of Soul’s Retreat and Thunder Peak Pagoda.

(Translated by David)